MARYLAND MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION 529

take interest in, or responsibility for, urban problems. However, this
trend has largely been reversed. Today, state governments are well-
prepared and eager to participate in urban programs. We realize
that the problem of America is the problem of the cities — the one
percent of American land where 70 percent of Americans live. We
recognize that almost every states' prosperity is ultimately linked to
its one or several commercial centers. If these are allowed to decay
or explode, the wealth of the entire state can erode and disappear.

Nor are we so naive as to believe that there is any one urban pan-
acea — any more than that there is actually any one urban problem.
The problems of the city are as profuse as they are profound —
blight, pollution and traffic snarls compete with poverty, prejudice
and ignorance. If we are even to begin to attempt solutions, we must
focus all the resources and talent of both the public and private sec-
tors of our economy upon the problems. The job cannot be done by
a Federal-city alliance, nor even by the Federal, state and local gov-
ernments cooperatively. It can only be done by all levels of govern-
ment working in concert with business and industry, supported by
all types of citizens. It can only be done by enlisting the imagination
of the private sector and instituting daring new ideas and programs.

The first attack must be on impaction of the cities. This can be
launched through the creation of satellite cities. Maryland is fortunate
that it can claim an ideal example, Columbia — founded and spon-
sored solely by private enterprise.

However, few corporations have the resources or the right to risk
such extensive investment in a single project. For this reason, all levels
of government should subsidize in part the foundation of satellite
cities. We must recognize the limitations of urban renewal which
sometimes must displace people and accommodate them within the
satellite cities. In this way we can eliminate blight and alleviate crowd-
ing, not merely move it from one section of the inner city to another.

Another key to relieve impaction would come by transferring re-
sponsibility for welfare programs to the Federal government alone.
Only with Federal controls establishing uniform standards and bene-
fits which will extend from Montana to Harlem — from the Mississippi
Delta to Detroit — will the flow of untrained, unemployed and im-
poverished to the cities stop. The machinery and the example to ad-
minister such a program already exists in the National Social Security
Administration. Once we can stabilize our impoverished population
we can initiate meaningful programs at the local level, related to local
employment opportunities and manpower needs.