Introduction. lxxi

VI. There next appeared in the latter part of the year 1764 another anony-
mous pamphlet, almost certainly from an English press, defending the Pro-
prietary and the Upper House, not only from the reflections cast upon them
in the Public Ledger "Queries" in 1763, but also against the attack made upon
the Proprietary government by the writer of the "Remarks", referred to in the
preceding paragraph. This pamphlet is reprinted in the Appendix (pp. 409-
457). The anonymous defender of the Proprietary government, like his
antagonist the author of the "Remarks", styled himself "A Friend to Mary-
land", and gave to his pamphlet of one hundred and sixty pages a very long
double-headed title: An Answer to the Queries on the Proprietary Govern-
ment of Maryland, inserted in the Public Ledger. Also, an Answer to the
Remarks upon a Message sent by the Upper to the Lower House of Assembly
of Maryland, 1762....... By a Friend to Maryland. Printed in the Year 1764.]

The author, or authors, of the above cited "An Answer" and "Brief Answers"
cannot be established with absolute certainty, but, as will be shown, there is
evidence which points to his, or their, identity. Among the Calvert Papers, a
large collection of historical manuscripts relating to Colonial Maryland, ob-
tained by the Maryland Historical Society in 1888 from the Calvert heirs in
England, is a rough draft of the text of the pamphlet, "An Answer", printed
in 1764. A few of the folio pages of this manuscript are missing, however.
This original draft has been quite freely corrected, added to, and deleted in
an entirely different hand. The corrected draft is, with a few changes, the
text of the pamphlet as printed, and may well have been the actual "copy" used
by the printer. The only difference between the corrected draft and pam-
phlet are trivial verbal changes which may have been made on the printer's proof.
No definite clue as to who was the writer of this manuscript is to be obtained
from an examination of the original draft in the clerical hand, but the hand-
writing in which the corrections, additions, and deletions were made, appears
to be that of Cecilius Calvert, the Secretary of Maryland in England, as re-
vealed by comparing the handwriting of these changes with various letters and
memoranda in his hand to be found among the Calvert Papers. In one of Cal-
vert's letters printed in the Correspondence of Governor Sharpe (Arch. Md.
XIV), and in a letter of his reproduced in the Appendix of this Volume (pp.
363-366), it will be seen how bitterly he resented the attacks upon the Pro-
prietary government in the "Queries" and "Remarks", and especially the re-
flections upon him personally (pp. 364, 415-416). A motive is also thus
supplied.

From internal evidence, it seems probable that the original draft of "An
Answer" was prepared by someone living in Maryland. That this was the
Reverend Thomas Bacon, as suggested by Daniel Dulany, seems most likely.
Bacon, the rector of All Saints Parish, Frederick County, a scholar well versed
in Maryland history and the author of the notable Laws of Maryland at Large,
was especially well quipped from his knowledge of contemporary Maryland
affairs to have been the author of the original draft, although this is not in
his handwriting. Under date of September 10, 1764, Daniel Dulany writing
from Maryland to Cecilus Calvert about the "Remarks", says: "It was said that
an Answer was preparing to the Remarks with the assistance of M.^r Bacon. He