Introduction.           xliii

    thus passed. John Nuthall also sold, July 21, 1669, two important manors in
    St. Mary's County, Cross Manor and Elizabeth Manor, to Walter Hall (p. 557).
    It is of interest to note that the house of the lord of the manor is spoken of
    either as the “manor house” (p. 557) or as the “mansion house” (pp. 284,
    285). In one case, however, when a house that was burglarized is referred
    to as a “mansion” it is not clear whether “mansion” is here used in the legalistic
    sense, applied as the word was then to any burglarized dwelling, or in its more
    usual sense of a manor house or other dwelling of importance (p. 621). The
    significance of the transfer of two manors, St. Thomas and St. Inigoes, and
    other large and valuable land holdings, amounting in all to nearly 8ooo acres,
    from three prominent southern Maryland Roman Catholic laymen to the Jesuit
    priest, Henry Warren, is discussed elsewhere in this introduction (pp. liv-lvi).
    These transfers were in great part doubtless only nominal changes of ownership
    of what were unquestionably Roman Lathohc Uhurch holdings, now made public
    after the restoration of Charles II, when it was felt that it was safe to do so.
     The lease of the manor of Westwood in St. Mary's County by Thomas
    Gerard of St. Clement's Manor to Captain William Boarman, dated July 12,
    1665, resulted in a law suit which found its way into the Provincial Court
    (pp. 32-36). This lease, filed in the record of the case, is interesting as showing
    the agricultural activities of a large plantation of that period, and the way in
    which the rents were paid. The lease was for a term of seven years. The tenant
    was to leave the buildings and land “in good and sufficient Tenantable Repair”,
    to have the right to use the timber for specified purposes, and to plant as many
    apple and pear trees as were required to fill up the orchard, already partly
    planted, and to prune them. The rent was to he paid yearly in 5000 pounds of
    tobacco, and if the tenant was able to make 1100 gallons of cider, the rent was
    to include 100 gallons of this (pp. 32-36).
     Another manor which was leased during this period was Duddington Manor,
    1000 acres, together with Duddington Pastures, 300 acres, lying on the
    Anacostia River in Charles County. This was leased November 20, 1670, for
    the term of a thousand years by George Thompson, the clerk of Charles
    County, to Thomas Notley, who later became governor. There is nothing of
    special interest about this lease, except that it was upon these tracts that
    the city of Washington later was built (pp. 594,596).
     A lease from Job Nutt, citizen and grocer of London, to William Groome
    of a plantation of 150 acres on the Patuxent [Nutt's Cliff] in Calvert County,
    is interesting as showing how absentee owners were careful to specify in great
    detail how their plantations were to be managed by tenants. Rented with its
    lands and buildings were five servants and the live stock already on it. The
    rent was to be paid in tobacco and corn. A detailed inventory of every-
    thing on the plantation was to be filed, and the tenant was to be supplied with
    cloth, stockings, shoes, and other necessary wearing apparel, valued at £40
    sterling in London, for the maintenance of the five servants. Other con-
    ditions of this lengthy lease are too numerous to mention here (pp. 55-60).
     Suits involving the title to Beaver Neck, a plantation of 100 acres on Kent
    Island, came to a conclusion at the December, 1668, session. These Beaver