xxxii Introduction.

the Governor, over and above his special salary as governor, derived by him
from judicial and other lucrative offices held by him, although it declared
that the holding of such offices by the Governor was in itself unconstitutional.
In its final resolve the Lower House professed to regret that the Upper House
had prevented the passage of an act granting the much needed " Supply for His
Majesty's Service " (pp. 674-677).

POLITICAL PARTIES

The members of the Upper House, all of whom were also members of the
Governor's Council and owed their appointment to the Proprietary, naturally
voted as the Governor, who represented the Proprietary interest, directed. The
Lower House was elected by the people, although the voters, limited to free-
holders and men of some property, were in most of the counties of the popular
or anti-Proprietary party. The strongholds of the Proprietary party were
St. Mary's County on the Western Shore, and Somerset and Worcester counties
on the lower Eastern Shore. In addition to these, there was a strong Proprie-
tary influence in Calvert and Queen Anne's counties, and certain members
from these counties often voted as the Governor wished. The election of a new
Assembly in September 1757, had further strengthened the representatives
of the county or popular party, and the same group of leaders in the Lower
House continued to control its policies. Out of a total membership of fifty-
eight in the Lower House, some forty men could be counted upon to vote
against nearly all Proprietary measures, while a small group of not more than
nine or ten consistently voted for the measures favored by the Governor
and the Upper House. In addition to these two partisan groups, there were
some ten men, who, either on account of their independent views or for
political expediency, while usually voting with the popular party, not infre-
quently supported Proprietary measures. The leaders of the county party
were Col. Edward Tilghman of Queen Anne's County, who served in that
body with short interruptions from 1746 until 1771, and was speaker in 1770
and 1771, and his brother, Matthew Tilghman of Talbot. The latter was a
justice of that county from 1741 until 1775, a member of the Lower House
from 1751 until 1774, and its speaker in 1772 and 1773. He took a very active
part in public affairs during the Revolutionary period as a member of the Con-
tinental Congress and as a state senator. Other influential popular leaders were
Robert Lloyd of Queen Anne's County; Charles Carroll, the Barrister, of
Annapolis, and later of " Mount Clare ", Baltimore County, one of the dele-
gates from Anne Arundel County, a Protestant and a distant relative of
Charles Carroll of Carrollton; William Murdock of Prince George's County;
Philip Hammond of Anne Arundel; and John Hammond Dorsey of Baltimore
County, and Edward Dorsey of Frederick.

The leaders of the Proprietary party in the Lower House were Walter
Dulany of Annapolis, son of Daniel Dulany the Elder, and a brother of Daniel
Dulany the Younger, the recent leader of the Proprietary party in the Lower
House, who in 1757 had been appointed a member of the Governor's Council
and as such now sat in the Upper House. Other active members of this