Preface. xiii

dissolute man of comparatively little judgment or understanding. He was an
associate of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and named his only son for him. On
May i, 1736, at the request of the Prince, he entertained the Lord Mayor and
Aldermen of London, in Grosvenor Square (Gentleman's Magazine, Vol.
VI, p. 208).

His unnecessary and inexplicable surrender of the rights of Maryland to the
southern portion of the present State of Pennsylvania was contemporaneous
with his visit to Maryland. He and his grandfather, who bore the same
Christian name, were the only Lords Baltimore who ever visited their Province.
The best accounts of Charles Calvert, fifth Lord Baltimore, are found in
" Lords Baltimore," one of the Fund Publications written by Rev. J. G.
Morriss, D. D., and in " The Lords Baltimore," by Clayton C. Hall, Esq.
One may also refer to the " Autobiography and Correspondence of Mrs.
Delany," edited by Lady Llanover and revised by Miss S. C. Woolsey.

The early part of this volume of the Archives treats of the latter portion
of the administration of that pathetic figure, Benedict Leonard Calvert, scholar
and gentleman, of whom it might well be said, in Virgilian phrase: " Tu eris
Marcellus."

George Chalmers, in his " Introduction to the History of the Revolt in the
Colonies (II, p. 68), spoke of Maryland as enjoying, during this period, the
" happiness of a placid Province," and indeed the storms only ruffled the
surface. He described the form of government as a mixed monarchy, " a well
poised form, in which the competent persons exercised their various powers,
without feeling, for years, the fever of encroachment." In these years Mary-
land " rose speedily to riches and power, because she enjoyed .... every blessing
of freedom and of peace."

The people of England were beginning to take interest in the Province and
to know something of its affairs. The Gentleman's Magazine (II, 826),
mentions Gov. Benedict Leonard Calvert's death and in June, 1732 (II, 824),
prints, as news from Maryland, a report that a great number of planters had
destroyed 70 tobacco plantations and would not leave a plant of tobacco
standing in the country, saying it was not worth sending to England. The
Governor had called out the militia to stop them. Some years later, a Maryland
correspondent wrote that magazine (XXXV, 15) that, "This Province is
so nobly watered by so great a number of fine navigable rivers that a very
great part thereof is always under tide-water ..... In this Province are no
waste lands. All are fit for cultivation."

The passage by the Assembly in 1729 of an act (Chapter 2) affecting the
emoluments of the clergy, which act was finally dissented to by the Proprietary,
led to a vigorous controversy. The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel