Preface. ix

come out to the parley, tomahawked them all. Tomahawked they
certainly were, when they had come out under assurance of safety.

The consequences of this atrocious breach of faith were disastrous'.
The friendly Indians lost confidence in the colonists; suspicious goings-
on were observed among them; emissaries from the northern Indians
came down; predatory bands made sudden forays upon isolated planta-
tions from Cecil to St. Mary's; and a general uneasiness pervaded the
province.

The Susquehannoughs who had remained in the fort at the time of
the massacre, held out until their provisions were spent, and then
made their escape by night, and going southward through Virginia,
left a wide track of mischief behind them, and terrorised the whole
province, out of which grew Bacon's rebellion.

In these troubles the Pascattoways, Mattawomans, and other friendly
Indians, had given what assistance they could to the whites, thus draw-
ing upon themselves the wrath of the hostiles; and as they were weak,
many measures had to be taken for their protection.

On the 3Oth of November, 1675, Cecilius, Lord Baltimore, died, and
was succeeded by Charles, his only son, who was then in Maryland.
Charles, finding it necessary to take a voyage to England, appointed
his young son Cecilius Governor, and Jesse Wharton Deputy Governor,
in the Proprietary's absence, with instructions that if Wharton should be
in danger of death, he should appoint Thomas Notley to succeed him.
Wharton was probably in ill health at the time of his appointment, for
in about a month he nominated Notley as his successor, and died
shortly after. The young Cecilius, or Cecil, Calvert was afterwards
sent to England, where he died in minority at some date later than
1679.

The remnant of the Susquehannoughs, now utterly broken as a tribe,
put themselves under the protection of the Senecas, or of the Iroquois
Confederacy, and to avoid further troubles a treaty with the Five Nations
was concluded by an agent of the Maryland government at Albany in
1677. In this, as in similar treaties, the Pascattoways and other
friendly Indians were included, as under the protection of the govern-
ment. Roving parties of Indians from the north at intervals made their
appearance, doing some mischief, and spreading much uneasiness,
especially among the Maryland Indians, who called upon the whites for
aid. Sometimes they received arms, and at other times they were
removed to more defensible places. Parties of armed rangers kept
constantly on the move.