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477
discernible rules and parameters [see Jean Piaget, Structuralism (New York: 1970),
11]. Structure is at once both the context for and an aspect of historical process;
any attempt to study process apart from structure necessarily leads to partial,
arbitrary explanations.
Chapter 2
(1) Charles S. Johnson, "Negroes at Work in Baltimore, Maryland," Opportunity: A
Journal of Negro Life, 1 (June 1923), 12.
(2) Manuel Castells, The Urban Question (Cambridge, Massachusetts: 1980), 23.
(3) Johnson, "Negroes at Work," 15; Sherry H. Olson, Baltimore: The Building of an
American City (Baltimore: 1980), 15,24,42; also see Karl Marx on the development
of industry out of manufacturing and the various transitional labor forms in the
development of industrial capitalism, Capital (New York: 1967), volume 1, chapters
14 and 15.
(4) Olson, Baltimore, 10,15,41,77-8,83-5,102-11,120; Barbara Jeanne Fields,
Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground: Maryland during the Nineteenth Century
(New Haven: 1985), chapter 3.
(5) Industrial Survey of Baltimore, Second Industrial Survey of Baltimore, 1914-1939,
7-13; Olson, Baltimore, 144-5,149-54,174-9,238-44.
(6) Olson, Baltimore, 144-5,149-54,291-6,305-6; Second Industrial Survey, 11-23.
(7) Fields, Middle Ground, 7-8,41-2; Olson, Baltimore, 14.
(8) Fields, Middle Ground, 17-9,43,44,200-1; Olson, Baltimore, 45-8,71-4,83-5.
(9) Olson, Baltimore, 10.45-7,71-8, 108-11; Second Industrial Survey, 7-13.
(10) Dorothy Brown, "Maryland Between the Wars," in Maryland: A History,
1632-1974, edited by Richard Walsh and William Lloyd Fox (Baltimore: 1974),
698; Second Industrial Survey, 38 and "Statistical Supplement, 47; Olson, Baltimore,
292.
(11) Second Industrial Survey, 12-3; Mark Reutter, Sparrows Point: Making
Steel-The Rise and Ruin of American Industrial Might (New York: 1988), 72-7;
Olson, Baltimore, 263.
(12) Second Industrial Survey, 11-3,20-2; Reutter, Sparrows Point, 111-36; Olson,
Baltimore, 42,83-5,102-8,292-5.
(13) Second Industrial Survey, 24.
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