 |
Women's SuffrageMaryland State Archives
|
|
|
Women's SuffrageMaryland State Archives
|
The women's suffrage movement began in 1848 in Seneca Falls, NY. It was here that suffragists, led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, drafted a Declaration of Sentiments that included demanding the right to vote for women. The Declaration of Sentiments was based on the Declaration of Independence.
The suffrage movement in 1869 split into the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, and the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) led by Lucy Stone and her husband Henry Blackwell. The NWSA was seen as the more radical of the two organizations, while the AWSA was more conservative. The suffrage movement gained a great deal of strength after the passage of the 15th amendment which, in 1870, guaranteed black men the right to vote, but did not mention women. After a number of years it became clear that it was not in the best interest of the movement to have two separate organizations, and in 1890 the two organizations merged to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA).
Suffragists then concentrated on producing reforms on a state level. In 1893 women got the vote in Colorado, followed by Utah (1896), Idaho (1896), Washington (1910), California (1911), Arizona (1912), Kansas (1912), Oregon (1912), Illinois (1913), Nevada (1914) and Montana (1914). In the early 1900s, the suffrage movement attracted a new crop of women to its ranks. Women such as Carrie Chapman Cat and Maud Wood Park attracted women from the middle class to the movement, while other women such as Alice Paul, Harriot E. Blatch, and Lucy Burns attracted women from the working class.
Suffragists organized marches and parades as forms of active protest. In 1913, Alice Paul and Lucy Burns formed their own, more militant organization, the Congressional Union for Women Suffrage. This group would eventually evolve into the National Women’s Party in 1917. Paul’s group participated in huge pickets, including a daily picket of the White House. Paul was arrested and sentenced to seven months in prison, but went on a hunger strike and was released. Due to this picketing, 500 women were arrested and 168 were jailed for impeding traffic.
By 1918, in the midst of World War I, Woodrow Wilson stated that women's suffrage was needed as "war measure." The House of Representatives passed an amendment granting women's suffrage, but the Senate defeated it. In February of 1919, another amendment was presented to Congress, but this also did not pass. By May of 1919, the amendment was passed by the House and Senate. By 1920, the 19th amendment to the Constitution was ratified by the states.
Sources: Extracted from History of Women's Suffrage (Susan B. Anthony Center for Women's Leadership)
Women's Suffrage ; Painter, Nell Irving. Standing at Armageddon: The United States, 1877-1919. New York: W.W. Norton, 1987.
Materials compiled in this document can be used by educators to fulfill the following National History Standards for Grades 5-12:
Era 7: The Emergence of Modern America (1890-1930)
Standard 1: How Progressives and others addressed problems of industrial capitalism, urbanization, and political coruption.Standard 1B: The student understands Progressivism at the national level.
5-12: Describe how the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th amendments reflected the ideals and goals of Progressivism and the continuing attempt to adapt the founding ideals to a modernized society. [Evaluate the implementation of a decision]Standard 3: How the United States changed from the end of World War I to the eve of the Great Depression.
Standard 3D: The student understands politics and international affairs in the 1920s.
5-12: Assess the effects of woman suffrage on politics. [Evaluate the implementation of a decision]
DESCRIPTION: Suffrage parade, N.Y.C.
DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: May 3, 1913
NOTES: View towards Flat Iron Bldg., Fifth Ave. and Broadway
REPRODUCTIONS: How to order copies of this item
COPYRIGHT: Rights and Restrictions
SOURCE: George Grantham Bain Collection
REPOSITORY: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DCDESCRIPTION: National Anti-Suffrage Association
DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: [1911?]
NOTES: Men looking in the window of the National Anti-Suffrage Association headquarters
REPRODUCTIONS: How to order copies of this item
COPYRIGHT: Rights and Restrictions
REPOSITORY: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DCDESCRIPTION: Suffragettes Parading
DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: April 5, 1917
REPRODUCTIONS: How to order copies of this item
COPYRIGHT: Rights and Restrictions
SOURCE: George Grantham Bain Collection
REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540DESCRIPTION: Official program - Woman Suffrage Procession
DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: March 3, 1913
NOTES: Cover of program for the National American Women's Suffrage Association procession, showing woman, in elaborate attire, with cape, blowing long horn, from which is draped a "votes for women" banner, on decorated horse, with U.S. Capitol in background.
REPRODUCTIONS: How to order copies of this item
COPYRIGHT: Rights and Restrictions
SOURCE: Published in: American women : a Library of Congress guide for the study of women's history and culture in the United States / edited by Sheridan Harvey ... [et al.]. Washington : Library of Congress, 2001, p. 32.
REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540DESCRIPTION: 3 Women Picketing for Woman Suffrage in front of the White House
DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: [ca. 1916]
REPRODUCTIONS: How to order copies of this item
COPYRIGHT: Rights and Restrictions
REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 2054DESCRIPTION: Suffragettes - Mrs. Alice Burke and Nell Richardson in the suffrage automobile "Golden Flyer"
DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: April 7, 1916
NOTES: Suffragettes - Mrs. Alice Burke and Nell Richardson in the suffrage automobile "Golden Flyer" in which drove from New York to San Francisco.
REPRODUCTIONS: How to order copies of this item
COPYRIGHT: Rights and Restrictions
SOURCE: George Grantham Bain Collection
REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540DESCRIPTION: Women's suffrage procession in Washington D.C.
DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: March 3, 1913
NOTES: Crowd grouped around a Red Cross Ambulance
REPRODUCTIONS: How to order copies of this item
COPYRIGHT: Rights and Restrictions
REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540DESCRIPTION: Election Day!
DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: c.1909
NOTES: Political cartoon illustrating some of the fears associated with women getting the right to vote.
REPRODUCTIONS: How to order copies of this item
COPYRIGHT: Rights and Restrictions
REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540DESCRIPTION: Pre-election parade for suffrage in N.Y.C.
DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: October 23, 1915
NOTES: 20,000 people marched in this parade
REPRODUCTIONS: How to order copies of this item
COPYRIGHT: Rights and Restrictions
SOURCE: George Grantham Bain Collection
REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540DESCRIPTION: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: [between 1880 and 1902]
NOTES: Portrait of the suffrage leaders.
REPRODUCTIONS: How to order copies of this item
COPYRIGHT: Rights and Restrictions
REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540DESCRIPTION: Representative women
DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: c.1870
NOTES: Lithograph of head-and-shoulders portraits of seven prominent figures of the suffrage and women's rights movement.
REPRODUCTIONS: How to order copies of this item
COPYRIGHT: Rights and Restrictions
REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540DESCRIPTION: Votes for women
DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: c.1913
NOTES: Postcard showing girl holding up finger to boy and poem: For the work of a day, for the taxes we pay, for the laws we obey, we want something to say.
REPRODUCTIONS: How to order copies of this item
COPYRIGHT: Rights and Restrictions
REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540
Alice Paul's Fight for Suffrage
History of Women's Suffrage (Susan B. Anthony Center for Women's Leadership)
One Hundred Years toward Suffrage: An Overview
The History Channel: History of Women's Suffrage in America
The National Women's Hall of Fame
Votes for Women: Selections from the National American Women's Suffrage Association, 1848-1921
Women's Suffrage: A Primary Source History of the Women's Rights Movement in America
Teaching With Documents Lesson Plan:Woman Suffrage and the 19th Amendment
Voices for Votes: Suffrage Strategies
Voting Rights for Women: Pro- and Anti-Suffrage
Women’s Equality: Changing Attitudes and Beliefs
Women's Suffrage: Why the West First?
"Women, Their Rights and Nothing Less" The Suffrage Movement from 1840-1920
Bausum, Ann. With Courage and Cloth: Winning the fight for a Women's Right to Vote. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2004.
Behling, Laura. The Masculine Woman in America, 1890-1935. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2001.
Crawford, Elizabeth. The Woman's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866-1928. New York: Routledge, 2001.
DuBois, Ellen Carol. Feminism and Suffrage: The Emergence of an Independent Women's Movement in America, 1848-1869. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999.
Finnegan, Mary Margaret. Selling Suffrage: Consumer Culture and Votes for Women. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.
Frost-Knappman, Elizabeth. Women's Suffrage in America. New York: Facts on File, 2005.
Haesly, Richard. Women's Suffrage. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2003.
Helmer, Diana Star. Women Suffragists. New York, NY : Facts on File, 1998.
Lumsden, Linda. Rampant Women: Suffragists and the Right of Assembly. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1997.
McCammon, Holly J. "Out of the Parlors and Into the Streets: The Changing Tactical Repetoire of the U.S. Women's Suffrage Movement" Social Forces 2003 81(3): 787-818.
Nash, Carol Rust. The Fight for Women's Right to Vote in American History. Springfield, NJ : Enslow Publishers, 1998.
Sharer, Wendy. Vote and Voice: Women's Organizations and Political Literacy, 1915-1930. Carbondale, Southern Illinois University Press, 2004.
Sullivan, George. The Day the Women Got the Vote: A Photo History of the Women's Rights Movement. New York: Scholastic, 1994
Swain, Gwenyth. The Road to Seneca Falls : A Story About Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Minneapolis : Carolrhoda Books, 1996.
Ward, Geoffrey. Not for Ourselves Alone: The Story of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1999.
[an error occurred while processing this directive]
[an error occurred while processing this directive]
[an error occurred while processing this directive] This document packet was researched and developed by Katie Duncan.
An Archives of Maryland Online Publication
© Copyright, Maryland State Archives,
May 04, 2005