Notes to Chapter IV

BLACKS BEFORE THE LAW IN COLONIAL MARYLAND
Ross Kimmel

1 Archives of Maryland, ed. William Hand Browne et al. (in progress; Baltimore, 1883 to date), I, 520 (hereafter cited Archives Md.).

2 Archives Md., VII, pp. 203-205 (1681); XIII, pp. 546-549 (1692); pp. 283-292 (1715).

3 Archives Md., II, p. 272. See above, Chapter III, pp. .

4 Ross M. Kimmel, "The Negro before the Law in Seventeenth Century Maryland" (Master's thesis, University of Maryland, 1971), pp. 25-33.

5 Archives Md., XLI, pp. 499-500.

6 Hagleton's life history to this point was reconstructed from two key documents: a deposition by John Stafeld, Lord Mayor of Durham, England, addressed to Lord Baltimore, August, 1677, recorded in [Maryland] Provincial Deeds, W. R. C. #1 (1676-1699), p. 28 (Maryland State Archives, Annapolis, Maryland (hereinafter abbreviated MdSA); and Hagleton's petition, Archives Md., LXVI, p. 291.

7 Jeffrey Brackett cited a decision of the Maryland General Court in 1799 supporting this view in his The Negro in Maryland: A Study of the Institution of Slavery, (Baltimore, 1889), p. 37.

8John Thomas Scharf, History of Maryland from the Earliest Period to the Present Day, 3 volumes (1879; rpt. Hatboro, Pa., 1967), I, pp. 292-294.

9[Maryland Provincial] Chancery Court Record, C.D. (1669-1684), pp. 196, 199, 307, 319-320 (MdSA).

10Councillors Henry Coursey and Thomas Tailler were Anglicans but staunchly pro-Baltimore. Councillors Vincent Lowe and Henry Darnall were Catholics and pro-Baltimore. Councillor Nicholas Sewall's religion is unknown, but he remained loyal to the Proprietor during Coode's Rebellion. See Scharf, History of Maryland, I, pp. 287-289, 315, 322-323, 338-339.

11Archives Md., VII, pp. 502-503. Trueman had regained his seat on the Council by this time. His name appears with the other Councillors the day following this case.

12 As required for free servants by an Act of Assembly, Archives Md., II, p. 525.

13Archives Md., LXVI, pp. 291, 351, 489.

14Archives Md., LXII, pp. 13, 66, 154, 274, 428; LXVIII, pp. 80, 159, 239-240, 261; LXIX, pp. 81, 226, 267, 389; LXX, pp. 26, 46, 75, 172, 186, 209, 326, 376. [Maryland] Provincial Court Records, W. C. (1679-1684), pt. 2, 700, 828 (MdSA).

15Provincial Court Judgments, D. S. #A (1684-1687), pp. 515, 527, 569-571.

16In December, 1676, Hagleton claimed the 50 acre headright due him as a freed servant. He immediately sold his claim to Samuel Goosey and signed the conveyance with an "H." See [Maryland] Provincial Patents, 15, pt. 2, p. 391.

17Archives Md., LXIX, pp. 121-122.

18Archives Md., XVII, p. 96.

19Baltimore County Court Proceedings, 1682-1686, p. 28.

20Provincial Court Judgments, D. S. #C (1692-1693), pp. 162-164 (MdSA). William Dent, a prominent attorney, represented Trunckett.

21Scharf, History of Maryland, I, pp. 315-317, 325, 338-339.

22Archives Md., VIII, p. 311.

23Provincial Court Judgments, D. S. #C, pp. 265, 318 (MdSA). In 1692, an Act of Assembly indicated the current value of tobacco to have been 1d. per pound, Archives Md., XIII, p. 532.

24Provincial Court Judgments, D. S. #C, pp. 361-362 (MdSA).

25Provincial Court Judgments, D. S. #C, pp. 21-239 (MdSA).

26Kent County Court Proceedings, I (1675-1698), pt. 2, p. 493 (MdSA).

27Joseph H. Smith and Philip Crowl, eds., Court Records of Prince Georges County, Maryland, 1696-1699, volume IX of Carroll T. Bond et al., eds., American Legal Records (Washington, D. C., 1933-1964), p. 295.

28Charles County Court Proceedings, K #1 (1682-1684), p. 83 (MdSA).

29[Maryland Provincial] Wills, A #2 (1665-1708), pp. 176-180 (MdSA).

30Anne Arundel County Land Deeds, P. K. (1708-1712), p. 220 (MdSA).

31Wills, 1 (1635-1651), pp. 312-314 (MdSA).

32Provincial Court Judgments, T. L. #I (1694-1696), pt. 5b, pp. 579-580 (MdSA).

33Carroll T. Bond and Richard B. Morris, eds., Proceedings of the Maryland Court of Appeals, 1695-1729, volume I of Carroll T. Bond et al., American Legal Records (Washington, D. C., 1933-1964), p. 26.

34Archives Md., VII, p. 76.

35Charles County Court Proceedings, X #1 (1698-1699), p. 51 (MdSA).

36Provincial Court Judgments, T. L. #1, pt., pp. 56, 700-701 (MdSA).

37Charles County Court Proceedings, A #2 (1701-1704), pp. 82, 251 (MdSA).

38Archives Md., XXIII, p. 508.

39Provincial Court Judgments, D. S. #C, p. 241 (MdSA).

40Provincial Court Judgments, T. L. #1, p. 199 (MdSA).

41Provincial Court Judgments, T. L. #3 (1703-1705), p. 262 (MdSA).

42Provincial Court Judgments, T. L. #3, p. 491 (MdSA).

43Wills, 1, 312-314. Talbot County Land Records, R. F. #9 (1700-1705), 358. Somerset County Deeds, G. H. #0-15 (1722-1726), 311. C. D. #14 (1706-1713), pp. 416-418 (All MdSA).

44Archives Md., L, pp. 76-78.

45Archives Md., XXX, pp. 65-66.

46Archives Md., XXX, pp. 283-292.

47Archives Md., XXX, pp. 283-292.

48Anne Arundel County Court Judgments, November, 1720 - November, 1721, p. 45 (MdSA).

49Prince Georges County Court Record, A. A. #14, pp. 385-386. Provincial Judgments, E. I. #7, pp. 571-573. Morat had originally brought suit in 1739 against John Tolson, but that action was ordered struck off, see Prince Georges County Court Record, X #12, p. 445 (All MdSA).

50Prince Georges County Court Record, M. M. #22, p. 621 (MdSA).

51Charles County Circuit Court Record, volume 22, A #1, pp. 132-133 (MdSA).

52Provincial Court Judgments, W. G. #1, pp. 706-708 (MdSA).

53Anne Arundel County Wills, Box L, folder 4 (MdSA).

54Somerset County Wills, Box 1, folder 36 (MdSA).

55Somerset County Judicial Record, 1722-1724, p. 143 (MdSA).

56Their names were: Richard, Absolom, Thomas, Peter, Abraham, Isaac, William, Jacob, Elizabeth sr., Elizabeth jr., Hannah, Wealthy, Ann, Rebecca, Alice, Martha, Sarah, Jane, and Rachell.

57The entire substance of this case is recorded by itself in a ledger entitled Proceedings of Special Court of Delegates Anno 1751, pp. 186 (MdSA).

58Provincial Court Judgments, D. D. #1, pp. 598-600 (MdSA).

59Charles County Wills, A. D. #5, pp. 122-123 (MdSA).

60[Maryland Provincial] Inventories, pp. 67, 206-209 (MdSA).

61Rose, Hager, Athaliah, and Zepheniah.

62Somerset County Wills, Box 11, folder 77 (MdSA).

63Somerset Judicial Record, 1774-1775, p. 214 (MdSA).

64Charles County Circuit Court, volume 26, E #2, p. 307 (MdSA).

65Provincial Court Judgments, V. D. #1, pp. 150-152 (MdSA).

66Anne Arundel County Court Judgments, V. D. #1, pp. 93, 178, 244-246 (MdSA).

67Baltimore County Court Proceedings, H. W. S. #6, pp. 29-30 (MdSA).

68Charles County Circuit Court Record, K #2, p. 236 (MdSA).

69Baltimore County Court Proceedings, T. B. and T. R., pp. 445-446 (MdSA).

70Talbot Court Court Civil Judgments, 1768-1770, n. p. (June Court, 1769). (MdSA).

71Prince Georges County Court Record, X #12, pp. 109, 336-337, 481 (MdSA).

72The term "salt water Negro" appears from time to time in this case. Negro Charles, Eleanor Butler's husband, was so described. It described a native born African.

73Charles County Inventories, 1677-1717, p. 258 (MdSA). Charles was valued at 22 pounds current money and Nell 8 pounds.

74The Provincial Count's role in the Butler case, including all depositions, may be found in Provincial Court Judgments, D. D. #17, pp. 233-244 (MdSA).

75Thomas Harris and John McHenry, eds., Maryland Reports being a Series of the Most Important Law Cases, Argued and Determined in the Provincial Court and Court of Appeals in the Then Province of Maryland, From the Year 1700 Down to the American Revolution (New York, 1809), pp. 371-384; Harris and McHenry, eds., Maryland Reports being a Series of the Most Important Law Cases Argues and Determined in the General Court and Court of Appeals of the State of Maryland, From May, 1780, to May, 1790 (New York, 1812), pp. 217-236.

76Ibid.

77Charles County Court Proceedings, B #3, p. 67; D #4, pp. 94, 369; E #3, pp. 398, 423; F #3, p. 161; N #3, pp. 474, 582; Q #3, p. 246; M #3, p. 149 (MdSA).

78Maryland Gazette, February 14, 1771; April 9, 1772.

79Charles County Circuit Court Proceedings, volume 30, K #2, pp. 234-235 (MdSA).

80Provincial Court Judgments, R. B. #1, pp. 425-426 (MdSA).

81Prince Georges County Court Record, O. O. #23, p. 356 (MdSA).

82Anne Arundel County Court Judgments83, I. B. #2, pp. 126-127 (MdSA).

83Provincial Court Judgments, D. D. #16, pp. 708-711 (MdSA).

84Provincial Court Judgments, E. I. #14, pp. 640-642; B. T. #1, 2nd, pp. 42-57. Somerset Judicial Record, 1757-1760, pp. 209-210; 1774-1775, pp. 214-215. Talbot County Civil Judgments, 1765-1768, n. p. (June Court, 1766); 1768-1770, n. p. (June Court, 1769). Baltimore County Court Minutes, 1768-1769, n. p. (November Court, 1768). Anne Arundel County Judgments, I. S. B. #2, p. 601 (All MdSA).

See also Appendix to Chapter 4


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