Archives of Maryland Historical List United States Senators

The U.S. Senate is composed of two Senators chosen from each state for staggered terms of six years (U.S. Constitution, Art. 1, sec. 3).

From 1789 to 1913, U.S. Senators from Maryland were chosen by the General Assembly. Since 1913, they have been elected by the voters of Maryland (U.S. Constitution, Amendment 17).

1st Congress, 1789-1791
Charles Carroll, of Carrollton
John Henry

2nd Congress, 1791-1793
Charles Carroll, of Carrollton ^{[ 1 ]}
John Henry
Richard Potts

3rd Congress, 1793-1795
John Henry
Richard Potts

4th Congress, 1795-1797
John Henry
John Eager Howard (Federalist)
Richard Potts ^{[ 2 ]}

5th Congress, 1797-1799
John Henry ^{[ 3 ]}
John Eager Howard (Federalist)
James Lloyd (Federalist)

6th Congress, 1799-1801
William Hindman (Federalist)
John Eager Howard (Federalist)
James Lloyd ^{[ 4 ]} (Federalist)

7th Congress, 1801-1803
William Hindman (Federalist)
John Eager Howard (Federalist)
Robert Wright ^{[ 5 ]} (Republican)

8th Congress, 1803-1805
Samuel Smith (Republican)
Robert Wright (Republican)

9th Congress, 1805-1807
Philip Reed (Republican)
Samuel Smith (Republican)
Robert Wright ^{[ 6 ]} (Republican)

10th Congress, 1807-1809
Philip Reed (Republican)
Samuel Smith (Republican)

11th Congress, 1809-1811
Philip Reed (Republican)
Samuel Smith ^{[ 7 ]} (Republican)

12th Congress, 1811-1813
Philip Reed (Republican)
Samuel Smith (Republican)

13th Congress, 1813-1815
Robert H. Goldsborough^{[ 8 ]} (Federalist)
Samuel Smith (Republican)

14th Congress, 1815-1817
Robert H. Goldsborough (Federalist)
Alexander Contee Hanson ^{[ 9 ]} (Federalist)
Robert Goodloe Harper ^{[ 10 ]} (Federalist)

15th Congress, 1817-1819
Robert H. Goldsborough (Federalist)
Alexander Contee Hanson (Federalist)

16th Congress, 1819-1821
Alexander Contee Hanson ^{[ 11 ]} (Federalist)
Edward Lloyd ^{[ 12 ]} (Republican)
William Pinkney (Republican)

17th Congress, 1821-1823
Edward Lloyd (Republican)
William Pinkney ^{[ 13 ]} (Republican)
Samuel Smith (Republican)

18th Congress, 1823-1825
Edward Lloyd (Republican)
Samuel Smith (Republican)

19th Congress, 1825-1827
Ezekiel Forman Chambers (Whig)
Edward Lloyd ^{[ 14 ]} (Republican)
Samuel Smith (Republican)

20th Congress, 1827-1829
Ezekiel Forman Chambers (Whig)
Samuel Smith (Republican)

21st Congress, 1829-1831
Ezekiel Forman Chambers (Whig)
Samuel Smith (Republican)

22nd Congress, 1831-1833
Ezekiel Forman Chambers (Whig)
Samuel Smith (Republican)

23rd Congress, 1833-1835
Ezekiel Forman Chambers ^{[ 15 ]} (Whig)
Robert H. Goldsborough (Whig)
Joseph Kent (National Republican)

24th Congress, 1835-1837
Robert H. Goldsborough ^{[ 16 ]} (Whig)
Joseph Kent (National Republican)
John S. Spence (Whig)

25th Congress, 1837-1839
Joseph Kent ^{[ 17 ]} (National Republican)
William D. Merrick (Whig)
John S. Spence (Whig)

26th Congress, 1839-1841
John Leeds Kerr (Whig)
William D. Merrick (Whig)
John S. Spence ^{[ 18 ]} (Whig)

27th Congress, 1841-1843
John Leeds Kerr (Whig)
William D. Merrick (Whig)

28th Congress, 1843-1845
William D. Merrick (Whig)
James Alfred Pearce (Whig)

29th Congress, 1845-1847
Reverdy Johnson (Whig)
James Alfred Pearce (Whig)

30th Congress, 1847-1849
Reverdy Johnson (Whig)
James Alfred Pearce (Whig)

31st Congress, 1849-1851
Reverdy Johnson ^{[ 19 ]} (Whig)
James Alfred Pearce (Whig)
Thomas G. Pratt (Whig)
David Stewart (Whig)

32nd Congress, 1851-1853
James Alfred Pearce (Whig)
Thomas G. Pratt (Whig)

33rd Congress, 1853-1855
James Alfred Pearce (Whig)
Thomas G. Pratt (Whig)

34th Congress, 1855-1857
James Alfred Pearce (Whig)
Thomas G. Pratt (Whig)

35th Congress, 1857-1859
Anthony Kennedy (American)
James Alfred Pearce (Whig)

36th Congress, 1859-1861
Anthony Kennedy (American)
James Alfred Pearce (Whig)

37th Congress, 1861-1863
Thomas Holliday Hicks (Republican)
Anthony Kennedy (Union Democrat)
James Alfred Pearce ^{[ 20 ]} (Democrat)

38th Congress, 1863-1865
Thomas Holliday Hicks ^{[ 21 ]} (Republican)
Reverdy Johnson (Democrat)

39th Congress, 1865-1867
John A. J. Creswell ^{[ 22 ]} (Republican)
Reverdy Johnson (Democrat)

40th Congress, 1867-1869
Reverdy Johnson ^{[ 23 ]} (Democrat)
George Vickers ^{[ 24 ]} (Democrat)
William Pinkney Whyte (Democrat)

41st Congress, 1869-1871
William T. Hamilton (Democrat)
George Vickers (Democrat)

42nd Congress, 1871-1873
William T. Hamilton (Democrat)
George Vickers (Democrat)

43rd Congress, 1873-1875
George R. Dennis (Democrat)
William T. Hamilton (Democrat)

44th Congress, 1875-1877
George R. Dennis (Democrat)
William Pinkney Whyte (Democrat)

45th Congress, 1877-1879
George R. Dennis (Democrat)
William Pinkney Whyte (Democrat)

46th Congress, 1879-1881
James Black Groome (Democrat)
William Pinkney Whyte (Democrat)

47th Congress, 1881-1883
Arthur Pue Gorman (Democrat)
James Black Groome (Democrat)

48th Congress, 1883-1885
Arthur Pue Gorman (Democrat)
James Black Groome (Democrat)

49th Congress, 1885-1887
Arthur Pue Gorman (Democrat)
Ephraim K. Wilson (Democrat)

50th Congress, 1887-1889
Arthur Pue Gorman (Democrat)
Ephraim K. Wilson (Democrat)

51st Congress, 1889-1891
Arthur Pue Gorman (Democrat)
Ephraim K. Wilson ^{[ 25 ]} (Democrat)

52nd Congress, 1891-1893
Charles H. Gibson ^{[ 26 ]} (Democrat)
Arthur Pue Gorman (Democrat)

53rd Congress, 1893-1895
Charles H. Gibson (Democrat)
Arthur Pue Gorman (Democrat)

54th Congress, 1895-1897
Charles H. Gibson (Democrat)
Arthur Pue Gorman (Democrat)

55th Congress, 1897-1899
Arthur Pue Gorman (Democrat)
George L. Wellington (Republican)

56th Congress, 1899-1901
Louis E. McComas (Republican)
George L. Wellington (Republican)

57th Congress, 1901-1903
Louis E. McComas (Republican)
George L. Wellington (Republican)

58th Congress, 1903-1905
Arthur Pue Gorman (Democrat)
Louis E. McComas (Republican)

59th Congress, 1905-1907
Arthur Pue Gorman ^{[ 27 ]} (Democrat)
Isidor Rayner (Democrat)
William Pinkney Whyte (Democrat)

60th Congress, 1907-1909
Isidor Rayner (Democrat)
John Walter Smith (Democrat)
William Pinkney Whyte ^{[ 28 ]} (Democrat)

61st Congress, 1909-1911
Isidor Rayner (Democrat)
John Walter Smith (Democrat)

62nd Congress, 1911-1913
William Purnell Jackson (Republican)
Isidor Rayner ^{[ 29 ]} (Democrat)
John Walter Smith (Democrat)

63rd Congress, 1913-1915
William Purnell Jackson (Republican)
John Walter Smith (Democrat)

ELECTED BY THE VOTERS, 1913-1990

63rd Congress, 1913-1915
Blair Lee ^{[ 30 ]} (Democrat)

64th Congress, 1915-1917
Blair Lee (Democrat)
John Walter Smith (Democrat)

65th Congress, 1917-1919
Joseph I. France (Republican)
John Walter Smith (Democrat)

66th Congress, 1919-1921
Joseph I. France (Republican)
John Walter Smith (Democrat)

67th Congress, 1921-1923
Joseph I. France (Republican)
Ovington E. Weller (Republican)

68th Congress, 1923-1925
William Cabell Bruce (Democrat)
Ovington E. Weller (Republican)

69th Congress, 1925-1927
William Cabell Bruce (Democrat)
Ovington E. Weller (Republican)

70th Congress, 1927-1929
William Cabell Bruce (Democrat)
Millard E. Tydings (Democrat)

71st Congress, 1929-1931
Phillips Lee Goldsborough (Republican)
Millard E. Tydings (Democrat)

72nd Congress, 1931-1933
Phillips Lee Goldsborough (Republican)
Millard E. Tydings (Democrat)

73rd Congress, 1933-1934
Phillips Lee Goldsborough (Republican)
Millard E. Tydings (Democrat)

74th Congress, 1935-1936
George L. Radcliffe (Democrat)
Millard E. Tydings (Democrat)

75th Congress, 1937-1938
George L. Radcliffe (Democrat)
Millard E. Tydings (Democrat)

76th Congress, 1939-1941
George L. Radcliffe (Democrat)
Millard E. Tydings (Democrat)

77th Congress, 1941-1942
George L. Radcliffe (Democrat)
Millard E. Tydings (Democrat)

78th Congress, 1943-1944
George L. Radcliffe (Democrat)
Millard E. Tydings (Democrat)

79th Congress, 1945-1946
George L. Radcliffe (Democrat)
Millard E. Tydings (Democrat)

80th Congress, 1947-1948
Herbert R. O'Conor (Democrat)
Millard E. Tydings (Democrat)

81st Congress, 1949-1951
Herbert R. O'Conor (Democrat)
Millard E. Tydings (Democrat)

82nd Congress, 1951-1952
John Marshall Butler (Republican)
Herbert R. O'Conor (Democrat)

83rd Congress, 1953-1954
J. Glenn Beall (Republican)
John Marshall Butler (Republican)

84th Congress, 1955-1956
J. Glenn Beall (Republican)
John Marshall Butler (Republican)

85th Congress, 1957-1958
J. Glenn Beall (Republican)
John Marshall Butler (Republican)

86th Congress, 1959-1960
J. Glenn Beall (Republican)
John Marshall Butler (Republican)

87th Congress, 1961-1962
J. Glenn Beall (Republican)
John Marshall Butler (Republican)

88th Congress, 1963-1964
J. Glenn Beall (Republican)
Daniel B. Brewster (Democrat)

89th Congress, 1965-1966
Daniel B. Brewster (Democrat)
Joseph D. Tydings (Democrat)

90th Congress, 1967-1968
Daniel B. Brewster (Democrat)
Joseph D. Tydings (Democrat)

91st Congress, 1969-1971
Charles McC. Mathias, Jr. (Republican)
Joseph D. Tydings (Democrat)

92nd Congress, 1971-1972
J. Glenn Beall, Jr. (Republican)
Charles McC. Mathias, Jr. (Republican)

93rd Congress, 1973-1974
J. Glenn Beall, Jr. (Republican)
Charles McC. Mathias, Jr. (Republican)

94th Congress, 1975-1976
J. Glenn Beall, Jr. (Republican)
Charles McC. Mathias, Jr. (Republican)

95th Congress, 1977-1978
Charles McC. Mathias, Jr. (Republican)
Paul S. Sarbanes (Democrat)

96th Congress, 1979-1980
Charles McC. Mathias, Jr. (Republican)
Paul S. Sarbanes (Democrat)

97th Congress, 1981-1982
Charles McC. Mathias, Jr. (Republican)
Paul S. Sarbanes (Democrat)

98th Congress, 1983-1984
Charles McC. Mathias, Jr. (Republican)
Paul S. Sarbanes (Democrat)

99th Congress, 1985-1986
Charles McC. Mathias, Jr. (Republican)
Paul S. Sarbanes (Democrat)

100th Congress, 1987-1988
Barbara A. Mikulski (Democrat)
Paul S. Sarbanes (Democrat)

101st Congress, 1989-1990
Barbara A. Mikulski (Democrat)
Paul S. Sarbanes (Democrat)

102nd Congress, 1991-1992
Barbara A. Mikulski (Democrat)
Paul S. Sarbanes (Democrat)

103rd Congress, 1993-1994
Barbara A. Mikulski (Democrat)
Paul S. Sarbanes (Democrat)

104th Congress, 1995-1996
Barbara A. Mikulski (Democrat)
Paul S. Sarbanes (Democrat)

105th Congress, 1997-1998
Barbara A. Mikulski (Democrat)
Paul S. Sarbanes (Democrat)

106th Congress, 1999-2000
Barbara A. Mikulski (Democrat)
Paul S. Sarbanes (Democrat)

107th Congress, 2001-2002
Barbara A. Mikulski (Democrat)
Paul S. Sarbanes (Democrat)

108th Congress, 2003-2004
Barbara A. Mikulski (Democrat)
Paul S. Sarbanes (Democrat)

109th Congress, 2005-2006
Barbara A. Mikulski (Democrat)
Paul S. Sarbanes (Democrat)

110th Congress, 2007-2008
Benjamin L. Cardin (Democrat)
Barbara A. Mikulski (Democrat)

111th Congress, 2009-2011
Benjamin L. Cardin (Democrat)
Barbara A. Mikulski (Democrat)

112th Congress, 2011-2013
Benjamin L. Cardin (Democrat)
Barbara A. Mikulski (Democrat)

113th Congress, 2013-2015
Benjamin L. Cardin (Democrat)
Barbara A. Mikulski (Democrat)

114th Congress, 2015-2017
Benjamin L. Cardin (Democrat)
Barbara A. Mikulski (Democrat)

115th Congress, 2017-2019
Benjamin L. Cardin (Democrat)
Christopher Van Hollen, Jr. (Democrat)

¹    Resigned November 30, 1792; Richard Potts elected to fill vacancy and took his seat February 4, 1793.
²   Resigned October 24, 1796; John Eager Howard elected to fill vacancy and took his seat December 27, 1796.
³   Resigned November 28, 1797, having been elected governor; James Lloyd elected to fill vacancy and took his seat January 11, 1798.
⁴   Resigned December 1, 1800; William Hindman elected to fill vacancy and took his seat December 15, 1800.
⁵   Elected to fill a vacancy in the term beginning March 4, 1801, and took his seat December 7, 1801.
⁶   Resigned in 1806; Philip Reed elected to fill vacancy and took his seat December 29, 1806.
⁷   Appointed and subsequently reelected for the term beginning March 4, 1809.
⁸   Elected for the term beginning March 4, 1813, and took his seat May 27, 1813; vacancy in this class from March 4, 1813, to May 12, 1813.
⁹   Elected to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Robert G. Harper, and took his seat January 2, 1817.
¹⁰   Elected to serve "from January 29, 1816, to March 3, 1821," and took his seat February 5, 1816; resigned December 6, 1816; vacancy in this class from March 4, 1815, to January 28, 1816, caused by failure of the legislature to elect.
¹¹   Died April 23, 1819; William Pinkney elected to fill vacancy and took his seat January 4, 1820.
¹²   Elected for the term beginning March 4, 1819, and took his seat December 27, 1819; vacancy in this class from March 4, 1819, to December 20, 1819.
¹³   Died February 25, 1822; Samuel Smith elected to fill vacancy and took his seat December 17, 1822.
¹⁴   Resigned in January 1826; Ezekiel Foreman Chambers elected to fill vacancy and took his seat February 22, 1826.
¹⁵   Resigned December 20, 1834; Robert H. Goldsborough elected to fill vacancy and took his seat January 23, 1835.
¹⁶   Died October 5, 1836; John S. Spence elected to fill vacancy and took his seat January 11, 1837.
¹⁷   Died November 24, 1837; William D. Merrick elected to fill vacancy and took his seat January 5, 1838.
¹⁸   Died October 24, 1840; John Leeds Kerr elected to fill vacancy and took his seat January 13, 1841.
¹⁹   Resigned March 7, 1849; David Stewart appointed to fill vacancy and took his seat December 8, 1849; Thomas G. Pratt subsequently elected to fill the vacancy.
²⁰   Died December 20, 1862; Thomas Holliday Hicks appointed to fill vacancy and took his seat January 14, 1863.
²¹   Died February 14, 1865.
²²   Elected to fill a vacancy caused by the death of Thomas Holliday Hicks in the preceding Congress, and took his seat December 4, 1865.
²³   Resigned July 10, 1868; William Pinkney Whyte appointed to fill vacancy and took his seat July 14, 1868.
²⁴   Elected for the term beginning March 4, 1867, and took his seat March 9, 1868. The credentials of Philip Francis Thomas, senator-elect, were presented March 18, 1867, but he was not permitted to qualify; on February 19, 1868, the Senate adopted a resolution that he was not entitled to qualify as he had "voluntarily given aid, countenance, and encouragement to persons engaged in armed hostility to the United States."
²⁵   Died February 24, 1891; he had been reelected for the term beginning March 4, 1891.
²⁶   Appointed to fill vacancy caused by the death of Ephraim K. Wilson in the preceding Congress, and took his seat December 7, 1891.
²⁷   Died June 4, 1906; William Pinkney Whyte appointed to fill vacancy and took his seat June 11, 1906; subsequently elected.
²⁸   Died March 17, 1908; John Walter Smith elected to fill vacancy and took his seat March 26, 1908.
²⁹   Died November 25, 1912; William P. Jackson appointed to fill vacancy and took his seat December 3, 1912.
³⁰   Elected on November 4, 1913, to fill a vacancy caused by the death of Isidor Rayner in the preceding Congress; took his seat on January 28, 1914. This was the first election by popular vote held pursuant to the seventeenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

© 1999 Maryland State Archives