MAP #: 322L5
CARTOGRAPHER : LUCAS, FIELDING JR.
DATE: 1822
SHORT TITLE : MARYLAND
REMAINING TITLE & ID : (LEFT BELOW CENTER, NO CARTOUCHE). "GEOGRAPHICAL, STATISTICAL AND HISTORICAL MAP OF MARYLAND." (ACROSS TOP OF MARGIN OF PAGE). "No. 20." (RIGHT TOP MARGIN). "DRAWN BY F. LUCAS, Jr." (LEFT BOTTOM MARGIN). "BOYD sc" (RIGHT BOTTOM MARGIN). SCALE OF MILES (45 MILES = 8 CM., BELOW TITLE). FOUR COLUMNS OF ENGLISH TEXT (BELOW MAP ACROSS BOTTOM OF PAGE). 8 POINTED COMPASS ROSE WITH ARROW POINTING NORTH (ABOVE TITLE). THE REVERSE SIDE IS BLANK. THE PAPER HAS NO WATERMARK. LONGITUDE EAST AND WEST FROM WASHINGTON (TOP AND BOTTOM MAP BORDERS). LATITUDE (RIGHT AND LEFT MAP BORDERS).
THE TITLE OF THE CAREY & LEA ATLAS INCLUDES THE PHRASE "ACCORDING TO THE PLAN OF LE SAGE'S ATLAS." LE SAGE IS A PSEUDONYM FOR EMMANUEL DIEUDONNE MARIE JOSEPH (COMTE DE) OR EMMANUEL LAS CASES, WHO LIVED FROM 1766 TO 1842. HE WROTE A COMPLETE GENEALOGICAL, HISTORICAL, CHRONOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL ATLAS, WHICH WAS APPARENTLY FIRST PUBLISHED IN LONDON (THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS HAS A COPY OF THE SECOND EDITION OF THIS WORK DATED 1818) AND WAS FIRST PUBLISHED IN AMERICA IN 1820 IN PHILADELPHIA AND WENT THROUGH ADDITIONAL EDITIONS IN 1820 AND 1821.
THE MAP HAS BORDER TEXT PARAGRAPHS ENTITLED "SITUATION, BOUNDARIES, AND EXTENT.", "FACE OF THE COUNTRY, SOIL, AND PRODUCTIONS.", "RIVERS.", "CLIMATE.", "CHIEF TOWNS.", "ROADS AND CANALS.", AND "RELIGION." PAPENFUSE & COALE INDICATE THAT THIS WAS THE FIRST AMERICAN ATTEMPT AT COMBINING MAPS AND DESCRIPTIVE TEXT ON THE SAME PAGE.
THIS MAP ALSO INCLUDES GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE OF DELAWARE. THE MARYLAND COUNTIES ARE SEPARATELY COLORED. THOSE IN DELAWARE ARE NOT. THE CYPRESS SWAMP ON THE LOWER DELAWARE-MARYLAND BORDER IS SHOWN. ROADS AND DISTANCES ARE INDICATED. LIGHT PARALLEL ENGRAVED LINES MARK THE EDGES OF THE WATER AREA. COUNTY BOUNDARIES ARE MARKED WITH DOTTED LINES. LONGITUDE WEST FROM WASHINGTON, D.C. IS INDICATED IN BOTH THE TOP AND BOTTOM BORDERS.
TWO OTHER EDITIONS OF THE MAP ARE KNOWN TO HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED. THE SECOND WAS BY LUCAS IN 1823 AND CONTAINS A LARGE INSET ON THE LEFT SIDE OF BALTIMORE. THE THIRD WAS BY JEAN ALEXANDRE C. BUCHON AND IS IN FRENCH. IT WAS PUBLISHED IN 1825.
FIELDING LUCAS, JR. WAS BORN IN FREDERICKSBURG, VIRGINIA ON SEPTEMBER 3, 1781. IN 1798 HE WENT TO PHILADELPHIA WHERE HE PROBABLY WORKED IN BOOKSTORES OR PUBLISHING HOUSES. IN 1804 HE MOVED TO BALTIMORE AND WAS INVOLVED IN PUBLISHING BOOKS, MAPS AND ATLASES. IN 1807 HE BECAME THE JUNIOR MEMBER OF THE BOOK SELLING FIRM OF CONRAD, LUCAS & COMPANY. IN 1811, LUCAS SET UP HIS OWN BUSINESS AT 138 MARKET STREET, WHERE HE CONTINUED IN BUSINESS UNTIL HIS DEATH IN 1854, EXCEPT FOR A BRIEF PERIOD IN 1813 WHEN HE ENLISTED IN THE ARMY AND SERVED WITH THE TWENTY-SEVENTH MARYLAND REGIMENT. HE CONCENTRATED HIS EFFORTS ON COMPILING AND PUBLISHING LOCAL MAPS AND CHARTS AFTER 1830, WHEREAS PREVIOUSLY HE HAD PRIMARILY PUBLISHED ATLASES. THE INCREASING IMPORTANCE OF LITHOGRAPHY IN MAP PRINTING AND REPRODUCTION, ACCORDING TO RISTOW, WAS A FACTOR IN HIS DECREASING INTEREST IN MAP AND ATLAS PRODUCTION IN HIS LATER YEARS. LUCAS WAS A DIRECTOR OF THE B & O RAILROAD FROM 1835 TO 1854, WAS PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD OF SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS FROM 1837 TO 1838, AND WAS PRESIDENT OF THE SECOND BRANCH OF THE CITY COUNCIL FROM 1838 TO 1841.
DATA IS PRIMARILY FROM RISTOW'S AMERICAN MAPS AND MAPMAKERS, THE FOSTER ARTICLE, PHILLIPS ATLASES, PAPENFUSE AND COALE, KARPINSKI, AND FROM OBSERVATION OF THE VARIOUS COPIES IN THE HUNTINGFIELD COLLECTION.
EDITION & STATE INFO : THERE ARE AT LEAST THREE EDITIONS OF THIS MAP. THE FIRST WAS ISSUED FOUR TIMES AND THE SECOND AND THIRD ONCE. THE FIRST IS IN THE AMERICAN EDITION OF THE CAREY & LEA AMERICAN ATLAS, PHILADELPHIA, 1822 (AND LATER RELEASES OF THAT ATLAS), WHICH WAS INTENDED AS A COMPANION TO C.V. LAVOISNE'S WORK ENTITLED GENEOLOGICAL, HISTORICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL ATLAS, WHICH WAS FIRST PUBLISHED WITHOUT MAPS IN 1807 AND WAS LATER REPUBLISHED BY M. CAREY & SON IN PHILADELPHIA IN 1820. [KARPINSKI NOTES A GERMAN EDITION OF THE CAREY & LEA ATLAS IN 1828, CALLED WEILAND'S ATLAS VON AMERIKA, BUT WE HAVE NOT SEEN THIS EDITION AND DO NOT KNOW WHETHER THE MAP IS INCLUDED. WE HAVE ALSO NOT EXAMINED LAVOISNE'S OR LE SAGES'S ATLASES AND ARE NOT CERTAIN WHETHER THE MAP APPEARS IN EITHER]. APPARENTLY ALL OF THE ISSUES OF THE FIRST EDITION WERE IDENTICAL. THE SECOND EDITION WAS IN LUCAS'S A GENERAL ATLAS CONTAINING DISTINCT MAPS OF ALL KNOWN COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD IN 1823. THE THIRD EDITION IS IN FRENCH BY JEAN ALEXANDRE BUCHON IN 1825.
1ST ED. - (1822 ISSUE) - THIS IS THE MAP DESCRIBED HEREIN. IT APPEARS IN CAREY & LEA'S A COMPLETE HISTORICAL, CHRONOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL AMERICAN ATLAS, BEING A GUIDE TO THE HISTORY OF NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA, AND THE WEST INDIES...ACCORDING TO THE PLAN OF LE SAGE'S ATLAS AND INTENDED AS A COMPANION TO LAVOISNE'S IMPROVEMENT OF THAT CELEBRATED WORK., PHILADELPHIA, H.C. CAREY & I. LEA, MAP # 20. THE MAP HAS BORDER TEXT ACROSS THE BOTTOM IN ENGLISH. THE MAP WAS ENGRAVED BY BOYD, WHOSE NAME APPEARS IN THE RIGHT BOTTOM MARGIN. THERE IS NO INSET OF BALTIMORE ON THE LEFT.
- (1823 ISSUE) - IN THE SAME ATLAS, BUT WITH THE ADDITIONAL IMPRINT ON THE ATLAS OF "LONDON, J. MILLER". THE MAP WAS THE SAME WITH SIMILAR BORDER TEXT AS THE 1822 ISSUE.
- (1823 ISSUE) - IN SAME ATLAS, WITH THE "LONDON, J. MILLER" IMPRINT DELETED. THE MAP WAS THE SAME.
- (1827 ISSUE) - IN CAREY & LEA'S A COMPLETE...AMERICAN ATLAS... 1826... 3RD ED., COR. & IMPR., 1827, H.C. CAREY & I. LEA, MAP # 20. THE MAP WAS UNCHANGED.
2ND ED. - (1823) - THIS IS FROM A NEW PLATE ENGRAVED BY CONE & FREEMAN, ALMOST IDENTICAL TO THE FIRST EDITION EXCEPT FOR MINOR CHANGES TO MAKE THE MAP MORE LEGLIBLE AND THE ADDITION OF A LARGE INSET OF BALTIMORE THAT DOMINATES THE LEFT SIDE OF THE MAP. IT APPEARS IN LUCAS'S A GENERAL ATLAS CONTAINING DISTINCT MAPS OF ALL KNOWN COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD IN 1823. SEE MAP # 323L6.
3RD ED. - (1825) - THE TITLE OF THE MAP IS UNCHANGED, BUT THE NAME ACROSS THE TOP MARGIN (IN THE FIRST EDITION) IS TRANSLATED INTO FRENCH AS "CARTE GEOGRAPHIQUE, STATISTIQUE ET HISTORIQUE DU MARYLAND." IT HAS BORDER TEXT IN FRENCH. THE MAP MEASURES 28.1 X 47.1 CM. BETWEEN THE NEAT LINES. IT APPEARS IN JEAN ALEXANDRE C. BUCHON'S ATLAS GEOGRAPHIQUE, STATISTIQUE, HISTORIQUE ET CHRONOLOGIQUE DES DEUX AMERIQUES ET DES ILES ADJACENTES; TRADUIT DE L'ATLAS EXECUTE EN AMERIQUE D'APRES LESAGE AVEC NONBREUSES CORRECTIONS ET AUGMENTATIONS..., 51 MAPS, FOL., PARIS, J. CAREZ, 1825, MAP # 24. THIS MAP IS NOT MATERIALLY DIFFERENT THAN THAT IN THE FIRST EDITION EXCEPT FOR BEING TRANSLATED INTO FRENCH. A FRENCH SCALE IS ADDED. THE LUCAS AND THE ENGRAVER'S IMPRINTS ARE DELETED AND THE "MARYLAND" TITLE IS SURROUNDED BY ENGRAVED CIRCULAR LINES TO FORM A CARTOUCHE OF SORTS. THERE IS NO BALTIMORE INSET. SEE MAP # 325B5.
HFC OWNERSHIP DATA : THE HUNTINGFIELD COLLECTION HAS TWO COPIES OF THE FIRST EDITION, WHICH ARE DUPLICATES. BOTH HAVE ACQ. #s OF BB023-DUN. BOTH ARE COLORED SIMILARLY. ONE IS A GOOD CLEAN COPY. THE OTHER HAS BROWNING AT THE CENTERFOLD. THEY HAVE MDHR #s OF G1399-118 AND G1399-119, RESPECTIVELY. THE COLLECTION HAS A BLACK AND WHITE REPRODUCTION OF THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS COPY OF THIS MAP WITH A MDHR # OF G1399-349(REPRO). THE COLLECTION HAS A BEAUTIFUL COLORED COPY OF EDITION 2 WITH A BLACK AND WHITE INSET. IT HAS AN ACQ. # OF BB023-DUD AND A MDHR # OF G1399-121. THE COLLECTION HAS A COPY OF THE 3RD EDITION BY BUCHON IN EXCELLENT CONDITION, COLORED AND WITH FULL MARGINS. IT HAS AN ACQ. # OF G017-HUG AND A MDHR # OF G1399-431. THE COLLECTION ALSO HAS A CROPPED VERSION OF THE BUCHON EDITION, WITH THE TEXT CUT OFF AND MOUNTED ON NON ACID-FREE BOARD. IT IS BROWNING ON THE EDGES FROM THE BACKING. IT HAS AN ACQ. # OF BB023-NN AND A MDHR # OF G1399-221(CROPPED).
BIBLIGRAPHICAL REFS. : FOSTER, JAMES W., "FIELDING LUCAS, JR., EARLY 19TH CENTURY PUBLISHER OF FINE BOOKS AND MAPS", PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY, VOL. 65, PART 2, WORCESTER, MASS.: AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY, 1956, 160-212 (SEE ESP. 185-8); PHILLIPS, PHILIP LEE, A LIST OF MAPS OF AMERICA IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, NEW YORK: BURT FRANKLIN, UNDATED REPRINT OF A 1901 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PUBLICATION, 395; PHILLIPS, PHILIP LEE, A LIST OF GEOGRAPHICAL ATLASES IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, AMSTERDAM: THEATRVM ORBIS TERRARVM, LTD., 1971 REPRINT OF A 1909 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PUBLICATION, I, # 130 (LE SAGE ATLAS), # 1176 MAP # 24 (1825 FRENCH EDITION), # 1177, MAP # 20 (1827 ISSUE), # 1373a, MAP # 20 (1822 ISSUE), III, #3660a, MAP # 20 (1823 ISSUE), IV, # 4464a, MAP # 20 (1823 ISSUE); SABIN, JOSEPH, A DICTIONARY OF BOOKS RELATING TO AMERICA FROM ITS DISCOVERY TO THE PRESENT TIME, NEW YORK: JOSEPH SABIN, 1868- 1936, # 39125 (LE SAGE ATLAS); KARPINSKI, LOUIS C., MAPS OF FAMOUS CARTOGRAPHERS DEPICTING NORTH AMERICA, AMSTERDAM: MERIDIAN PUBLISHING CO., 1977, 239,243; GRAHAM ARADER CATALOG # 13, JUNE, 1977, ITEM # 50; PAPENFUSE, EDWARD C. & COALE, JOSEPH M., III, ATLAS OF HISTORICAL MAPS OF MARYLAND, 1608-1908, BALTIMORE: THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1982, 55-59, FIG. 58 (2ND ED.), FIG. 59 (1ST ED.); RISTOW, WALTER W., AMERICAN MAPS AND MAPMAKERS, DETROIT: WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1985, 266-268, FIG. 17-2 (2ND ED.).
August 22, 1990
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