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MAP #: 294M6

CARTOGRAPHER : MOUNT, JOHN & PAGE, THOMAS [PUBLISHER]

DATE: 1794

SHORT TITLE : VIRGINIA. MARYLAND. PENNSILVANIA. EAST & WEST NEW JERSEY.

REMAINING TITLE & ID : SOLD BY JN: MOUNT & THOs. PAGE TOWER HILL (IN CARTOUCHE, UPPER RIGHT). "A SCALE OF 15 ENGLISH LEAGUES" (LOWER LEFT CORNER INSIDE OBLONG BOX). EIGHT POINT COMPASS ROSES (NORTHEAST OF CHESAPEAKE BAY ENTRANCE AND EAST OF DELAWARE BAY ENTRANCE). THERE IS NOTHING IN THE MARGINS OR ON THE REVERSE SIDE. LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE (TOP AND BOTTOM BORDERS).

DATE OF PUBLICATION : R1794 (1689)
PLACE OF PUBLICATION : LONDON
PUBLISHER : MOUNT & PAGE
LANGUAGE(S) : EN
SIZE (HEIGHT X WIDTH) : 50.0 X 79.7 CM (2 SHEETS JOINED).
SIZE - OTHER DATA : 59 X 91 CM. OM
SCALE - (RF) 1: : 590,000
SCALE - OTHER DATA : 15 ENGLISH LEAGUES = 13.8 CM.
LIB. OF CONGRESS # : -
Md. HALL OF RECORDS # 1 : MSA SC1399-7 (ED.2 - ST.2)
# 2 : MSA SC1399-27 (ED.2 - ST.1)
# 3 : MSA SC1399-482 (ED.1 - ST.5 - 1732 ISSUE)
# 4 : MSA SC1399-215 (ED.3 - ST.1 - 1767 ISSUE)
HUNTINGFIELD ACQ. # 1 : G020-IGD (ED.2 - ST.2)
# 2 : SF018-TGD (ED.2 - ST.1)
# 3 : MH016-HTUE (ED.1 - ST.5 - 1732 ISSUE)
# 4 : SONA018-UNHL (ED.3 - ST.1 - 1767 ISSUE)
REGION CATEGORY : MAP ON WHICH THE MD/CHESAPEAKE AREA IS ONE MAIN FOCUS (1)
SPECIAL CATEGORY(IES) : AUGUSTINE HERRMAN DERIVATIVE (12)
# SHEETS TO MAP : 2
MAP ORIENTATION : W IS AT THE TOP OF THE MAP.
RELIEF SHOWN ? : NO
HYDROGRAPHIC DATA : SOUNDINGS ARE SHOWN IN FATHOMS.
: SHOALS ARE SHOWN SHADED.
CARTOUCHE : SIMPLE PLASTERWORK (14)
BORDER : GEOGRAPHICALLY FUNCTIONAL (8)
PRIME MERIDIAN(S) : NONE
SEE ALSO MAP #s : 189T5, 228M5, 243M3, 249G5, 267G7.
BEST INFO SOURCE : VERNER'S STUDY OF THE ENGLISH PILOT IS THE BEST SOURCE FOUND.
DESCRIPTION : THIS IS EDITION 2, STATE 2 OF JOHN THORNTON'S MOST NOTABLE CONTRIBUTION TO VIRGINIA-MARYLAND CARTOGRAPHY. IT WAS ORIGINALLY PREPARED FOR THE FIRST EDITION OF THE ENGLISH PILOT THE FOURTH BOOK, PUBLISHED BY THORNTON AND FISHER IN 1689 (SEE MAP #189T5) THORNTON WAS A SKILLED CARTOGRAPHER WHO WAS COMPETENT IN PREPARING ORIGINAL DRAUGHTS AND PLATES FROM INFORMATION SUPPLIED TO HIM BY OTHERS. HE IS NOT KNOWN TO HAVE MADE ORIGINAL SURVEYS. HE WAS ALSO AN ENGRAVER. BY THE TIME OF THIS SECOND EDITION, THORNTON AND FISHER WERE DEAD AND OWNERSHIP OF THE RIGHTS HAD PASSED TO MOUNT AND PAGE. THIS EDITION AND STATE OF THE CHART IS A PRIME EXAMPLE OF THE PUBLICATION OF MATERIAL LONG AFTER IT HAD BEEN OBSOLETED. THE HOXTON CHART OF 1735 AND ITS SUBSEQUENT REVISIONS IN 1776 AND 1778 WERE FAR MORE ACCURATE THAN THIS MUCH LATER PUBLICATION.

THE VIRGINIA-MARYLAND PORTION OF THE CHART IS A CAREFUL AND EXACT COPY OF THE AUGUSTINE HERRMAN MAP OF 1673 (SEE MAP # 173H5) WITH ONLY MINOR VARIATIONS. THERE ARE DIFFERENCES IN THE SPELLING OF CERTAIN NAMES AND MINOR OMISSIONS RESULTING IN PART FROM THE DIFFERENCES IN SIZE OF THE TWO PLATES. ALL THE COUNTIES ARE NAMED AS ON THE HERRMAN. THE DELINEATION OF THE LAND AREA, THE SHOALS AND SAND BANKS AND THE SOUNDINGS ARE FAITHFUL COPIES. SOME SOUNDINGS EXTENDING EASTWARD FROM THE ENTRANCE TO CHESAPEAKE BAY ARE NOT FOUND ON HERRMAN NOR HAS THEIR SOURCE BEEN DETERMINED.

TO THE SOUTH, THE CHART EXTENDS AS FAR AS THE HERRMAN MAP. TO THE NORTH, THE DELINEATION OF NEW JERSEY AND THE DELAWARE BAY, THOUGH SIMILAR, IS AUGMENTED BY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, POSSIBLY FROM HOLMES MAP OF THREE EASTERN COUNTIES OF PENNSYLVANIA.

THE REVISIONS TO THE HERRMAN SOUNDINGS ON THIS CHART IN THE DELAWARE BAY, AFTER 1689, MAY HAVE BEEN FROM GABRIEL THOMAS'S MAP OF THE NEW JERSEY COAST AND DELAWARE BAY.

THE THORNTON CHART IS ENGRAVED ON TWO PLATES. MEASURES 79.7 CM N-S BY 50.0 CM E-W. IT IS ORIENTED WEST. NAVIGATIONAL RATHER THAN LAND FEATURES ARE EMPHASIZED. THE CARTOUCHE IS A HORIZONTAL OVAL NEAR THE UPPER RIGHT CORNER FRAMED WITH A SIMPLE PLASTER STRAPWORK DESIGN WITH A GRINNING MASK IN THE TOP CENTER. A SCALE OF 15 ENGLISH LEAGUES IS IN A LONG HORIZONTAL RECTANGLE ON THE BOTTOM LEFT BORDER. THORNTON'S CHART WAS IN USE SOME 105 YEARS!

DATA IS FROM VERNER'S STUDY ON THE ENGLISH PILOT THE FOURTH BOOK.

EDITION & STATE INFO : THERE ARE THREE EDITIONS. THE FIRST (SEE MAP #189T5) HAS 5 STATES, THE SECOND HAS 2 STATES AND THE THIRD, A PIRATED EDITION (SEE MAP #249G5) HAS 1.

ED. 1 - STATE 1 - (1689)- SEE MAP #189T5 FOR DETAILS ON THIS EDITION. THE IMPRINT READS: BY JOHN THORNTON AT YE PLATT IN THE MINORIES AND BY WILL: FISHER AT YE POSTORN GATE ON TOWER HILL LONDON.

- STATE 2 - (1689?-1698?)- GEOGRAPHICAL CHANGES WERE MADE IN THE DELAWARE BAY AREA. THIS STATE WAS PROBABLY FROM AN UNDATED EDITION OF ATLAS MARITIMUS.

- STATE 3 - (1698?-1705?)- GEOGRAPHICAL CHANGES WERE MADE AT THE ENTRANCE TO THE CHESAPEAKE BAY.

- STATE 4 - (1706-1728)- BOTH GEOGRAPHICAL AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CHANGES ARE MADE. PART OF THE PLATE IS RECUT BUT SOME SIGNS OF PLATE WEAR ARE APPARENT.

- STATE 5 - (1728-1737)- THE IMPRINT IS REMOVED. CHANGES ARE BOTH GEOGRAPHICAL AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL. SOUNDINGS ARE ADDED ALONG THE ENTIRE OCEAN COAST.

ED. 2 - STATE 1 - (1743-1770)- THE STYLE OF LETTERING IS DIFFERENT AND LARGER AND THE WORDS ARE RESPACED IN THE TITLE. VIRGINIA READS "VIR/GIN/IA" RATHER THAN "VIRGI/NI/A". THE SCALE BOX HAS 1 RATHER THAN TWO LINES. THE SCALE LINE IS 2 PARALLEL LINES WITH ALTERNATE UNITS SHADED.THE SAND BARS AND SHOALS ON THE LEFT PLATE ARE OUTLINED BY 1 OR 2 ROWS OF DOTS. THOSE ON THE RIGHT ARE STIPPLED. THE FIGURES AND MUCH OF THE LETTERING HAS BEEN CHANGED TO BE READABLE FROM A WEST ORIENTATION. THERE IS SOME DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PLATES, POSSIBLY INDICATING DIFFERENT ENGRAVERS.THE DOUBLE ROW OF TREES DELINEATING THE VIRGINIA-MARYLAND BOUNDARY ON THE EASTERN SHORE HAS BEEN OMITTED. NOT ALL RHUMB LINES HAVE BEEN ENGRAVED THEIR FULL LENGTH IN THE JERSEY AREA. THIS STATE WAS INCLUDED IN THE ENGLISH PILOT EDITIONS OF 1743, 1745, 1748, 1749, 1751, 1753, 1755, 1758, 1759, 1760, 1764, 1765, 1767, 1770 AND 1773. SEE ALSO MAPS # 243T5.

- STATE 2 - (1773-1794)- THE TITLE AND IMPRINT IS CHANGED TO: VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, PENNSILVANIA, EAST & WEST NEW JERSEY. SOLD BY JN: MOUNT & THOS. PAGE TOWER HILL. THE SPELLING HAS BEEN CHANGED TO JERSEY FROM JARSEY IN THE TITLE AND IN THE BODY OF THE MAP. THE "G" IN "PAGE" IN THE IMPRINT HAS A LONGER SWASH TAIL THAN IN STATE 1. THE SHOALS & SAND BARS HAVE BEEN STIPPLED WITH A COARSE DOT. THE DOTTED RHUMB LINE BELOW THE Y IN "WEST NEW JERSEY" HAS BEEN COMPLETED. THIS STATE WAS INCLUDED IN THE ENGLISH PILOT EDITIONS OF 1773, 1775, 1778, 1780, 1783, 1784, 1789, AND 1794. THIS IS THE MAP DESCRIBED HEREIN.

ED. 3 - STATE 1 - (1749, 1767)- SEE MAP 249T6.THE TITLE AND IMPRINT READ VIRGINIA MARYLAND (ETC) SOLD BY GEO. GRIERSON AT THE TWO BIBLES IN ESSEX STREET.

DATA IS FROM VERNER'S STUDY OF THE ENGLISH PILOT THE FOURTH BOOK.

HFC OWNERSHIP DATA : THE HUNTINGFIELD COLLECTION HAS A GOOD BLACK AND WHITE COPY OF EDITION 1, STATE 5, 1732 ISSUE WITH AN ACQ. # OF MH016-HTUE AND A MDHR # OF MSA SC1399-482. IT HAS A GOOD BLACK AND WHITE COPY OF EDITION 2, STATE 1, WITH AN ACQ. # OF SF018-TGD AND A MDHR # OF MSA SC1399-27, AND A SIMILAR COPY OF THE SAME EDITION, STATE 2, DATED 1794. IT HAS AN ACQ. # OF G020-IGD AND A MDHR # OF MSA SC1399-7. THIS IS THE MAP DESCRIBED HEREIN. THE COLLECTION ALSO HAS A GOOD BLACK AND WHITE COPY OF EDITION 3, 1767 ISSUE, WITH AN ACQ. # OF SONA018-UNHL AND A MDHR # OF MSA SC1399-215.

BIBLIGRAPHICAL REFS. : VERNER, COOLIE, A CARTOBIBLIOGRAPHICAL STUDY OF THE ENGLISH PILOT THE FOURTH BOOK WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CHARTS OF VIRGINIA, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA PRESS, 1960; SWEM, EARL G., MAPS RELATING TO VIRGINIA IN THE VIRGINIA STATE LIBRARY, RICHMOND: VIRGINIA STATE LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES (A 1989 REPRINT OF A 1914 ARTICLE IN THE VIRGINIA STATE LIBRARY BULLETIN, REPUBLISHED AS A BOOK), 130, 160, 168, 174, 193, 202, 207, 218, 219, 117, 240, 265, 307; PHILLIPS, PHILIP LEE,A LIST OF GEOGRAPHICAL ATLASES IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, AMSTERDAM: THEATRVM ORBIS TERRARVM, LTD., (A 1971 REPRINT OF A 1909 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PUBLICATION) # 1157, 1158, 1160, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1168, 1171.

August 20, 1993


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