MAP #: 282B5
CARTOGRAPHER : BAUMAN, SEBASTIAN
DATE: 1782
SHORT TITLE : TO HIS EXCELLENCY GEN WASHINGTON, COMMANDER IN CHIEF
REMAINING TITLE & ID : OF THE ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. THIS PLAN OF THE INVESTMENT OF YORK AND GLOUCESTER HAS BEEN SURVEYED AND LAID DOWN, AND IS MOST HUMBLY DEDICATED BY HIS EXCELLENCY'S OBEDIENT AND VERY HUMBLE SERVANT, SABASTn. BAUMAN MAJOR OF THE NEW YORK OR 2nd REGt OF ARTILLERY. (CARTOUCHE IN THE FORM OF A PARTIALLY UNROLLED SHEET, TOP RIGHT CORNER). "R. SCOT SCULP. PHILAD. 1782." (BOTTOM RIGHT CORNER). A SCALE OF 1000 YDS = 6.3 CM. (BOTTOM CENTER). A LIST OF REFERENCES KEYED BY NUMBER TO THE MAP AND REFERENCING BRITISH FORCES (TOP LEFT CORNER). AN EXPLANATION CARTOUCHE, 11 X 27 CM., FRAMED IN PLASTER WORK AND DECORATED WITH FLAGS, CANNONS, CANNONBALLS AND INSTRUMENTS OF WAR IS SHOWN (CENTER BOTTOM, ABOVE SCALE). A LENGTHY EXPLANATION WITH LETTER REFERENCES TO THE MAP IS CONTAINED IN THE LOWER CARTOUCHE. "THIS PLAN WAS TAKEN BETWEEN THE 22nd. & 28th. OF OCTOBER, 1781." (TOP LINE OF EXPLANATION CARTOUCHE). "NOTE: THE LAND WITHIN THE DOTTED LINES HAS BEEN LAID DOWN BY SURVEY." (BOTTOM LEFT, TO LEFT OF THE SCALE). THERE IS NOTHING ON THE REVERSE SIDE. LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE (NOT SHOWN).
THE SURVEY AND RESEARCH FOR THE MAP WAS DONE WITHIN THE FIRST TEN DAYS OF THE SURRENDER OF CORNWALLIS ON OCTOBER 19, 1781, AND THE MAP WAS PRODUCED THE FOLLOWING YEAR. IN THE JANUARY 30, 1782 NEW JERSEY JOURNAL, IT WAS ANNOUNCED THAT THE MAP WAS IN PREPARATION AND WOULD BE ISSUED SHORTLY. THE MAP WAS ENGRAVED BY ROBERT SCOT OF PHILADELPHIA. VERNER RELATES THAT IN A LETTER TO GENERAL MCDOUGAL, WHO RESPONDED TO THE PROSPECTUS, BAUMAN INDICATED THAT THIS WAS THE FIRST MAP EVER DONE BY THE ENGRAVER. GUTHORN STATES THAT A LETTER DATED JUNE 26, 1782 FROM BAUMAN TO BARON STEUBEN, WHO ORDERED 40 COPIES, INDICATED THAT THE MAP WAS THEN BEING PRINTED.
A MANUSCRIPT COPY OF THE PRINTED MAP IS IN THE LIBRARY OF FORT MONROE VIRGINIA, WITH THE TITLE "TO HIS E[XCELLENCY] G[ENERAL] WASHINGTON COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THIS PLAN OF THE INVESTMENT OF YORK AND GOUCESTER [sic] HAS BEEN SURVEYED AND LAID DOWN AND IS MOST HUMBLY DEDICATED BY HIS EXCELLENCY'S OBEDIENT AND VERY HUMBLE SERVANT, SEBASTIAN BAUMAN, MAJOR OF THE NEW YORK OR 2nd REGIMENT OF ART. WALDSCHMIDT 1782." A LATER FINISHED COLORED MANUSCRIPT COPY OF THE PRINTED MAP IS IN THE CLEMENTS LIBRARY. ITS TITLE IS THE SAME, EXCEPT "...AND VERY HUMBLE SERVAND [SIC] SEBASTN. BAUMAN MAJOR OF THE NEW YORK OR 2nd REGIMENT OF ART." THIS COPY IS SIGNED "WALDSCHMIDT 1785." AT THE BOTTOM. IT IS 48 X 45 CM.
BAUMAN'S MAP WAS COPIED AND ISSUED UNDER A DIFFERENT TITLE IN 1825, DRAWN BY F. RENAULT AND ENGRAVED BY B. TANNER FOR PRESENTATION TO THE MARQUIS DE LA FAYETTE. SEE MAP # 325T5.
THE PRESENTATION WAS VERY PROFESSIONALLY DONE AND REFLECTS, ACCORDING TO HARLEY, PETCHENIK & TOWNER A CELEBRATORY MOOD AND "EPITOMIZES MARTIAL GLORY IN A CARTOGRAPHIC IDIOM". IT IS INTERESTING THAT THE AMERICAN FLAG SHOWN ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE LOWER CARTOUCHE INCORRECTLY SHOWS THE OUTER STRIPES AS WHITE RATHER THAN RED.
THE MAP "SHOWS BRITISH AND AMERICAN TROOP POSITIONS, BRITISH DEFENSES, INCLUDING THOSE AT GLOUCESTER, FIELDS OF FIRE, THE FIRST AND SECOND PARALLELS, THE HEADQUARTERS OF GENERALS WASHINGTON AND ROCHAMBEAU, THE QUARTERS OF GENERALS NELSON, LINCOLN, LAFAYETTE, KNOX, STEUBEN, CLINTON, AND VARIOUS FRENCH OFFICERS, SHIPS IN THE YORK RIVER, AND THE FIELD WHERE THE BRITISH LAID DOWN THEIR ARMS'." A LENGTHY EXPLANATION OF THE AMERICAN AND FRENCH SIEGE OPERATIONS IS GIVEN BY BAUMAN, WHO WAS ONE OF THE OFFICERS IN COMMAND OF THE BESIEGING BATTERIES, REPRESENTING THE GREATEST CONCENTRATION OF ARTILLERY IN ANY ENGAGEMENT DURING THE REVOLUTION. HIS BACKGROUND EXPLAINS THE EXTENSIVE REFERENCES TO THE BRITISH ARTILLERY IN THE TOP LEFT.
SEBASTIAN BAUMAN WAS BORN IN GERMANY IN 1739 AND DIED IN NEW YORK CITY IN 1803. HE WAS AN ENGINEER IN THE AUSTRIAN SERVICE, THEN CAME TO NEW YORK WHERE HE SERVED IN THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. HE SERVED IN VARIOUS CAPACITIES DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR, INCLUDING ARTILLERY COMMANDER AT WEST POINT. IN 1781 HE WAS THIRD IN COMMAND OF LAMB'S ARTILLERY, WHICH WENT TO YORKTOWN. AFTER THE WAR, AND UNTIL HIS DEATH, BAUMAN WAS THE FIRST FEDERAL POSTMASTER OF NEW YORK CITY.
DATA IS FROM VERNER, GUTHORN, SELLERS AND VAN EE, SCHWARTZ AND EHRENBERG, NEBENZAHL, HARLEY PETCHENIK AND TOWNER, AND WROTH.
EDITION & STATE INFO : TWO MANUSCRIPT COPIES OF THIS PRINTED MAP ARE KNOWN. ONE IS DATED 1782 AND IS IN THE LIBRARY OF FORT MONROE, VIRGINIA. THE OTHER IS DATED 1785 AND IS IN THE WILLIAM CLEMENTS LIBRARY. ACCORDING TO GUTHORN, THERE ARE ALSO THREE MANUSCRIPT PENCIL DRAWINGS OF A PLAN OF YORKTOWN IN VIRGINIA LOCATED IN THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY LIBRARY WHICH ARE BELIEVED TO HAVE BEEN DONE BY BAUMAN. THESE HAVE NOT BEEN EXAMINED YET BY THE WRITER, SO WE DON'T KNOW HOW CLOSELY RELATED THEY ARE TO THE PRINTED MAPS, IF AT ALL.
ONLY A SINGLE EDITION AND STATE OF THE PRINTED MAP IS KNOWN TO THE WRITER, ALTHOUGH THE MAP WAS LATER REISSUED UNDER ANOTHER TITLE IN 1825 AS A PRESENTATION PIECE FOR THE MARQUIS DE LA FAYETTE. SEE MAP # 325T5.
SEE THE DESCRIPTION SECTION IN THIS REPORT FOR FURTHER DETAILS ON THE DIFFERENCES IN THE MAPS REFERRED TO ABOVE.
ALTHOUGH THIS IS NOT AN EXHAUSTIVE LIST, COPIES OF THE PRINTED MAP ARE KNOWN TO BE IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, THE JCB, YALE, WINTERTHUR MUSEUM, COLONIAL WILLIAMBSURG, THE FRENCH WAR OFFICE, MAINE HISTORICAL SOCIETY, CLEMENTS LIBRARY, NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY, NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY, LIBRARY COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA, IN THE COLLECTION OF SEYMOUR SCHWARTZ, IN THE COLLECTION OF PETER GUTHORN, AND IN THE HUNTINGFIELD COLLECTION.
HFC OWNERSHIP DATA : THE HUNTINGFIELD COLLECTION HAS A GOOD COPY, POSSIBLY WASHED, OF THIS ENGRAVED MAP, WITH AN ACQ. # OF A015-HGDNG AND A MDHR # OF MSA SC1399-603. IT ALSO HAS A FACSIMILE OF THE YALE UNIVERSITY COPY AT FULL SIZE AND A COPY OF THE DERIVATIVE 1825 ISSUE. IT HAS A MDHR # OF MSA SC1399-472(REPRO)
BIBLIGRAPHICAL REFS. : PHILLIPS, PHILIP LEE, A LIST OF MAPS OF AMERICA IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRES, NEW WORK: BURT FRANKLIN, UNDATED REPRINT OF A 1901 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PUBLICATION, 1133; NEBENZAHL, KENNETH, ATLAS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, CHICAGO: RAND MCNALLY & CO., 182-4, MAP # 48; VERNER, COOLIE, MAPS OF THE YORKTOWN CAMPAIGN, IN MAP COLLECTORS SERIES # 18, LONDON: MAP COLLECTORS CIRCLE, 1965, 52-3, XXVI # 7; WROTH, LAWRENCE C., JOHN CARTER BROWN ANNUAL REPORTS, 1901-1966, 8 VOLS., PROVIDENCE: THE JOHN CARTER BROWN LIBRARY, BROWN UNIVERSITY AND THE COLONIAL SOCIETY OF MASSACHUSETTS, 1972, (VOL. 4, 1948) 44-46, (VOL. 5, 1951) 46-47; GUTHORN, PETER J, AMERICAN MAPS AND MAP MAKERS OF THE REVOLUTION, MONMOUTH BEACH, N.J.: PHILIP FRENEAU PRESS, 1966, 19; SELLERS, JOHN R. & PATRICIA MOLEN VAN EE, MAPS AND CHARTS OF NORTH AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES 1750-1789, WASHINGTON: LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, 1981, 318, # 1471; VIETOR, A.O., YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY GAZETTE, OCT., 1946, 21:15; VIRGINIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY 39:104a (1931);WHEAT, JAMES CLEMENTS & CHRISTIAN F, BRUN, MAPS AND CHARTS PUBLISHED IN AMERICA BEFORE 1800 A BIBLIOGRAPHY, LONDON: THE HOLLAND PRESS, LIMITED, 1978 REPRINT OF A YALE UNIVERSITY PUBLICATION DATED 1969, 118, # 541, (& REPRODUCTION); DREPPERD, CARL W., EARLY AMERICAN PRINTS, NEW YORK, 1930, 60;FITE, EMERSON D. & ARCHIBALD FREEMAN, A BOOK OF OLD MAPS DELINEATING AMERICAN HISTORY FROM THE EARLIEST DAYS DOWN TO THE CLOSE OF THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.: HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1926, 287-288;STAUFFER, DAVID M., AMERICAN ENGRAVERS UPON COPPER AND STEEL, 2 VOLS., NEW YORK, 1907, # 2870; STOKES AND HASKELL, AMERICAN HISTORICAL PRINTS EARLY VIEWS OF AMERICAN CITIES, ETC. FROM THE PHELPS STOKES AND OTHER COLLECTIONS, NEW YORK, 1932, 57-58; MAGAZINE OF AMERICAN HISTORY, 6, [54] (REPRODUCTION), NEW YORK AND CHICAGO, 1881; PRINTS, MAPS AND DRAWINGS 1677-1822, A MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY PICTURE BOOK, # 21, (REPRODUCTION), MASS. HISTORICAL SOCIETY, BOSTON, 1957.
May 14, 1991
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