MAP #: 276S4
CARTOGRAPHER : SMITH, ANTHONY [ATTRIBUTED]
DATE: 1776
SHORT TITLE : A NEW AND ACCURATE CHART OF THE BAY OF CHESAPEAKE,
REMAINING TITLE & ID : WITH ALL THE SHOALS, CHANNELS, ISLANDS, ENTRANCES, SOUNDINGS AND SAILING-MARKS, AS FAR AS THE NAVIGABLE PART OF THE RIVERS PATOWMACK,PATAPSCO AND NORTH-EAST. DRAWN FROM SEVERAL DRAUGHTS MADE BY THE MOST EXPERIENCED NAVIGATORS, AND COMPARED WITH THE MODERN SURVEYS OF VIRGINIA AND MARYLAND. LONDON. PRINTED FOR ROBERT SAYER AND JOHN BENNETT MAP & CHARTSELLERS, AT No 53 IN FLEET STREET. AS THE ACT DIRECTS. 1st JULY 1776. (CARTOUCHE IN TOP LEFT HAND CORNER). INSET ENTITLED "A PLAN OF HERRING BAY, IN MARYLAND." (29 X 49cm., BOTTOM RIGHT CORNER, SCALE 1-28,000). "OBSERVATIONS ON THE NORTH-EAST CURRENT ON THE COAST OF VIRGINIA" (TOP CENTER). SCALE OF SEA LEAGUES (UNDER OBSERVATIONS). "DIRECTIONS FOR SAILING INTO JAMES RIVER" (BELOW AND LEFT OF CARTOUCHE). "DIRECTIONS FOR SAILING BETWEEN THE MIDDLE GROUND AND THE HORSE SHOE" (CENTER, LEFT). THERE IS NOTHING ON THE REVERSE SIDE. LONGITUDE WEST FROM LONDON (RIGHT AND LEFT BORDERS). LATITUDE (TOP AND BOTTOM BORDERS).
NOTHING IS KNOWN OF THE ACTUAL AUTHORSHIP OF THIS CHART, ALTHOUGH IT IS ASSIGNED TO ANTHONY SMITH OF ST. MARYS. NOTHING HAS BEEN FOUND ON THIS MAN, WHO, TO JUDGE FROM THE CHARTS, MUST HAVE BEEN EXCEPTIONALLY WELL INFORMED REGARDING THE SUBAQUEOUS AND LITTORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHESAPEAKE BAY AND ITS ESTUARINE RIVERS. EDITION 1, STATE 2 (SEE MAP # 276S5) OF THE CHART HAS AN INDICATION IN THE UPPER RIGHT "OBSERVATIONS..." THAT THE WORK WAS DONE BY A NAVAL OFFICER WHO EMPLOYED SMITH AS HIS PILOT. SUCH CERTAINLY WAS THE ARRANGEMENT IN MAKING A SURVEY OF THE POTOMAC, ALTHOUGH EARLIER LESS AUTHENTIC BUT APPARENTLY NO LESS ACCURATE SOUNDINGS HAD BEEN MADE WITH CONSIDERABLE SYSTEM. APPARENTLY ALL THE PROMINENT HOUSES VISIBLE FROM THE WATER ARE INDICATED WITH A MANIFEST EFFORT TO REPRESENT THE SHAPE, SIZE AND RELATIVE POSITIONS OF THE DIFFERENT STRUCTURES, WHICH ARE DISTINGUISHED BY THE NAMES OF THEIR OWNERS. ON THE BLANK PORTIONS OF THE SHEET ARE GIVEN SAILING DIRECTIONS INVOLVING THE MENTION OF MANY OF THE BUILDINGS PLACED ON THE HEADLANDS. BESIDES THESE FEATURES, THERE ARE MANY FIGURES AND LINES SHOWING THE COURSES TO BE FOLLOWED, THE BEARINGS OF PROMINENT LANDMARKS, AND THE DEPTH OF WATER ALONG THE STREAMS AND BAY.
THIS CHART APPEARED IN FOUR EDITIONS IN VARIOUS STATES FROM 1776 THROUGH 1803.
DATA IS FROM THE WORLD ENCOMPASSED, E.B. MATHEWS, VERNER'S UNPUBLISHED NOTES, AND FROM OBSERVATION OF THE EDITIONS AND STATES OF THE CHART IN THE HUNTINGFIELD COLLECTION.
EDITION & STATE INFO : THIS CHART WAS PUBLISHED IN FOUR EDITIONS, IN A TOTAL OF NINE STATES, INCLUDING EDITIONS IN BOTH ENGLISH AND FRENCH.
1ST ED. - 1ST STATE - (1776) - THIS IS THE CHART DESCRIBED HEREIN. IT WAS PUBLISHED IN 4 SHEETS, USUALLY JOINED TO MAKE A CHART 95 X 140cm. IT APPEARED IN VOL. 2 OF THE NORTH AMERICAN PILOT AS PLATES 4 AND 5 IN 1776.
- 2ND STATE - (1776) - THE WORDS "CHIEFLY FROM THOSE OF ANTHONY SMITH, PILOT OF ST. MARYS;" WERE ADDED TO THE TITLE IN THE CARTOUCHE AFTER "...MOST EXPERIENCED NAVIGATORS,". THE LINE READING "AND COMPARED WITH THE MODERN SURVEYS OF" WAS REENGRAVED LOWER IN THE CARTOUCHE TO MAKE WAY FOR THE ADDED LINE. DIRECTIONS FOR SAILING OVER THE HORSE SHOE WERE ADDED IN THE CENTER LEFT. "OBSERVATIONS IN THE RIVER PATOMACK BY AN OFFICER IN THE NAVY" WERE ADDED IN THE TOP RIGHT CORNER. THE WORDS "DEGREES OF NORTH LATITUDE" WERE ADDED IN THE RIGHT TOP AND LEFT BOTTOM BORDERS. ADDITIONAL SOUNDINGS, BOTTOM CONDITIONS AND NOTES WERE ADDED. THIS STATE APPEARED IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC PILOT OF 1777. SEE MAP # 276S5.
- 3RD STATE - (1783) - VERNER NOTES A STATE DATED 1783 WHERE THE IMPRINT HAS BEEN ALTERED TO READ "PRINTED FOR ROBERT SAYER MAP, CHART & PRINTSELLER No. 53 FLEETSTREET". IT APPEARED IN THE NORTH AMERICAN PILOT, SAYER & BENNETT, 1783. A COPY IS IN THE DARTMOUTH LIBRARY. SEE MAP # 283S5.
- 4TH STATE - (1800) - APPEARED IN THE NORTH AMERICAN PILOT..., LONDON,R. LAURIE & J. WHITTLE IN 1800 AS MAP #11-12 IN 2 SHEETS,ENTITLED "A NEW AND ACCURATE CHART OF THE BAY OF CHESAPEAKE...DRAWN FROM SEVERAL DRAUGHTS... CHIEFLY FROM THOSE OF ANTHONY SMITH...12th. MAY 1794". PHILLIPS INCORRECTLY SHOWS PATAPSCO SPELLED "PETAPSCO". (PHILLIPS, MAPS P. 228, ATLASES # 1220; E.B. MATHEWS, P. 403). SEE MAP # 300S5.
2ND ED. - (1778) - REENGRAVED BY LEROUGE IN PARIS AND INCLUDED IN PILOTE AMERICAN SEPTENTRIONAL. THIS IS CHART #11 TITLED "BAYE DE CHESAPEAKE EN 4 FEUILLES AVEC LES BAS SONDS, PASSES, ENTREES, SONDES ET ROUTES OU L'ON DONNE LES PARTIES NAVIGABLES DES RIVIERES PATOWMACK, PATAPSCO ET NORD-EST. D'APRES LES DESSINS DE NAVIGATEURS EXPERIENTES PRINCIPAL. L D'APRES A SMITH PILOTE DE ST MARYS; COMPARE AVEC LES NOUVELLES LEVEES DE VIRGINIE ET MARYLAND. PUBLIE A LONDRES EN JUILLET 1776. TRADUIT DE L'ANGLAIS A PARIS CHEZ LEROUGE RUE DE GDS AUGUSTINE 1778." (SEE PHILLIPS, ATLASES, # 1210, THE WORLD ENCOMPASSED # 247). SEE MAP # 278L5.
3RD ED. - 1ST STATE - (1778) - REENGRAVED IN FRANCE BY THE DEPARTMENT DE LA MARINE IN A SINGLE SHEET 23 X 34 INCHES IN PARIS. THIS EDITION CARRIES THE TITLE "CARTE DE LA BAIE DE CHESAPEAKE ET DE LA PARTIE NAVIGABLE DES RIVIERES JAMES, YORK, PATOMACK, PATUXEN, PATAPSCO, NORTH-EAST, CHOPTANK ET POKOMOCK, REDIGEE POUR LE SERVICE DES VAISSAUX DU ROI, AU DEPOT GENERAL DES CARTES, PLANS ET JOURNAUX DE LA MARINE PAR ORDE DE M. DE SARTINE CONSEILLER D'ETAT, MINISTRE ET SECRETAIRE D'ETAT AU DEPARTMENT DE LA MARINE, D'APRES DES PLANS ANGLOIS ET PARTICULIEREMENT CEUX D'ANTOINE SMITH DE STE. MARIE. 1778" . A COPY IS IN THE CALVERT MARINE MUSEUM. SEE MAP # 278D4.
- 2ND STATE - (1778) - THIS STATE IS SIMILAR TO STATE 1 AS TO TITLE AND CONTENTS. INSTRUCTIONS ON THE RIGHT, ABOVE THE INSET, ON THE NOTES BETWEEN THE TWO OBSERVATION SECTIONS AND ON THE INSTRUCTIONS ON THE LEFT BELOW THE TITLE HAVE LINES ADDED SURROUNDING THEM. THE OBSERVATIONS TO THE RIGHT OF THE CARTOUCHE AND TO THE LEFT OF THE INSET HAVE BEEN MADE TO LOOK LIKE THEY ARE ON PARTIALLY ROLLED PARCHMENT AND THE PARCHMENT ON THE NOTE ABOVE AND TO THE LEFT OF THE INSET HAS BEEN PARTIALLY SHADED. SEE MAP # 278D5.
4TH ED. - 1ST STATE - (1794)-IT WAS REENGRAVED AND INCLUDED IN THE AMERICAN PILOT IN 1794, PUBLISHED IN BOSTON BY W. NORMAN AS MAP # 6, ENTITLED "A NEW AND ACCURATE CHART OF THE BAY OF CHESAPEAKE INCLUDING DELAWARE BAY...DRAWN FROM SEVERAL DRAUGHTS... CHIEFLY FROM THOSE OF ANTHONY SMITH, PILOT OF ST. MAPYS [sic]. IT WAS ALSO PUBLISHED AS MAP # 5 IN THE 1798 ED. OF THE AMERICAN PILOT. SEE MAP # 294S3.
- (2ND STATE-1803)-THE MISSPELLING OF ST. MARYS IS CORRECTED. (SEE PHILLIPS, ATLASES # 1217 AND E.B. MATHEWS P. 403). SEE MAP # 303S5.
ALL EDITIONS EXCEPT THE 4TH HAVE AN INSET OF HERRING BAY IN THE BOTTOM RIGHT.
DATA IS FROM SELLERS & VAN EE, E.B. MATHEWS, THE WORLD ENCOMPASSED, PHILLIPS, MAPS, PHILLIPS, ATLASES, WHEAT & BRUN, AND FROM OBSERVATION OF THE EDITIONS AND STATES IN THE HUNTINGFIELD COLLECTION.
HFC OWNERSHIP DATA : THE HUNTINGFIELD COLLECTION HAS A BEAUTIFUL BLACK AND WHITE COPY OF ED. 1, STATE 1, WITH AN ACQ. # OF A017-EDUE AND A MDHR # OF G1399-427. IT HAS A COLORED COPY OF ED. 1, STATE 2, WHICH HAS A SECTION OF THE "OBSERVATIONS IN THE RIVER PATOWMACK..." MISSING AND SEVERAL WEAK SPOTS SKILLFULLY REPAIRED WITH AN ACQ. # OF A025-NTID AND A MDHR # OF 285. THE COLLECTION HAS A PHOTOCOPY OF ED. 1, STATE 3 FROM THE DARTMOUTH COLLEGE LIBRARY. IT HAS A COPY OF ED. 1, STATE 4 IN BLACK AND WHITE, MOUNTED ON LINEN, IN GOOD CONDITION, BUT WITH SOME BROWNING ALONG THE MARGINS AND FOLDS, WITH AN ACQ. # OF CC015-LDI AND A MDHR # OF G1399-531. THE COLLECTION ALSO HAS A COPY OF ED. 2 IN BLACK AND WHITE BY LEROUGE IN EXCELLENT CONDITION WITH AN ACQ. # OF A025-G2 AND A MDHR # OF G1399-258 AND A COPY OF ED. 3, STATE 2, IN BLACK AND WHITE IN EXCELLENT CONDITION WITH AN ACQ. # OF A023-HHUG AND A MDHR # OF G1399-214. IN ADDITION, THE COLLECTION HAS A PHOTOCOPY OF A LIBRARY OF CONGRESS COPY OF THE 1ST ED., 2ND STATE IN FULL SIZE AND A MDHR # OF G1399-319 AND AN INCOMPLETE PHOTOCOPY FROM CLIVE BURDEN OF ED. 3, STATE 1 WITH A MDHR # OF G1399-780.
BIBLIGRAPHICAL REFS. : SANCHEZ-SAAVEDRA, E.M., A DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY. VIRGINIA'S CARTOGRAPHERS AND THEIR MAPS 1607-1881, RICHMOND: VIRGINIA STATE LIBRARY, 1975, 35-44; THE THOMAS WINTHROP STREETER COLLECTION OF AMERICANA, AUCTION CATALOG IN 8 VOLS., NEW YORK: PARKE-BERNET GALLERIES, 1966, VOL. II, 581; PHILLIPS, PHILIP LEE, A LIST OF MAPS OF AMERICA IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, NEW YORK: BURT FRANKLIN, UNDATED REPRINT OF A 1901 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PUBLICATION, 227- 228; THE WORLD ENCOMPASSED, EXHIBITION CATALOG, BALTIMORE: WALTERS ART GALLERY, 1952, # 247; MATHEWS, EDWARD B., "THE MAPS AND MAPMAKERS OF MARYLAND", IN MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, VOL. II, PART IIIb, BALTIMORE: THE JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS, 1898, 402-403; PHILLIPS, PHILIP LEE, A LIST OF GEOGRAPHICAL ATLASES IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, AMSTERDAM: THEATRVM ORBIS TERRARVM, LTD., A 1971 REPRINT OF A 1909 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PUBLICATION, # 1209, 1210, 1211, 1217, 1220; WROTH, LAWRENCE C., SOME AMERICAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ART OF NAVIGATION. 1519-1802", 1947, 20-21; WHEAT, JAMES C. & CHRISTIAN F. BRUN, MAPS AND CHARTS PUBLISHED IN AMERICA BEFORE 1800 A BIBLIOGRAPHY, LONDON: THE HOLLAND PRESS LIMITED, 1978 REPRINT OF A 1969 YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS PUBLICATION, # 310,; SELLERS, JOHN R. & PATRICIA MOLEN VAN EE, MAPS AND CHARTS OF NORTH AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES 1750- 1789, WASHINGTON: LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, 1981, # 1494, (1ST ED., 1ST STATE), # 1495 (1ST ED. 2ND STATE), 323; PAPENFUSE, EDWARD C. & JOSEPH M. COALE III, ATLAS OF HISTORICAL MAPS OF MARYLAND, 1608-1908, BALTIMORE: THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1982, 25, 30, AND 31 (ILLUS. OF 1ST ED. 2ND STATE ON 31); BURDEN, CLIVE A., PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE DATED JULY 17, 1990 WITH THE AUTHOR; VERNER, COOLIE, [UNPUBLISHED] NOTES ON THE MAPS OF VIRGINIA.
August 20, 1990
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