MAP #: 255R5
CARTOGRAPHER : ROBERT DE VAUGONDY, GILLES & DIDIER
DATE: 1755
SHORT TITLE : CARTE DE LA VIRGINIE ET DU MARYLAND
REMAINING TITLE & ID : DRESSEE SUR LA GRANDE CARTE ANGLOISE DE Mr.s. JOSUE FRY ET PIERRE JEFFERSON, PAR LE Sr. ROBERT DE VAUGONDY GEOGRAPHE ORDINAIRE DU ROI. AVEC PRIVILEGE 1755 (CARTOUCHE, LOWER RIGHT). "GRAVE PAR E. HAUSSARD" (TO THE LOWER LEFT OF THE CARTOUCHE). THERE IS NOTHING ON THE REVERSE SIDE. LONGITUDE EAST FROM FERRO (TOP AND BOTTOM BORDERS). LATITUDE (RIGHT AND LEFT BORDERS).
THE PLATE IS SIGNED "E. HAUSSARD", WHICH STANDS FOR ELIZABETH HAUSSARD, AND THIS SIGNATURE IS DELETED IN A LATER STATE AND REPLACED BY "GROUX", PRESUMABLY CHARLES JACQUES GROUX. MARY PEDLEY, A ROBERT DE VAUGONDY SCHOLAR, IN PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE, SAYS THAT IT IS VERY LIKELY THAT HAUSSARD ENGRAVED ONLY THE CARTOUCHE AND NOT THE MAP. HER NAME APPEARS ON MANY OF THE CARTOUCHES OF THE MAPS FROM THE ATLAS UNIVERSEL... AND THESE MAPS OFTEN HAVE THE NAME OF THE MAP ENGRAVER AS WELL (USUALLY DELAHAYE OR GUILLAUME DELAHAYE).
THE IMPRINT USES THE DATE 1755. HOWEVER, THE ONLY COPIES KNOWN THUS FAR ARE TAKEN FROM ATLASES AND THE MAP FIRST APPEARED IN THE ATLAS UNIVERSEL... IN 1756 OR 1757. VERNER HAS ASSIGNED A 1755 DATE ON THE BASIS THAT THE MAP MAY HAVE BEEN OFFERED AS A SEPARATE BETWEEN 1755 AND 1757. COPIES OF THE MAP THAT HAVE BEEN REMOVED FROM THE ATLAS ARE NUMBERED IN MANUSCRIPT FROM 100 TO 110, ACCORDING TO THEIR POSITION IN THE ATLAS VOLUME. THE ATLAS HAS BEEN FOUND WITH MAPS DATING AS LATE AS 1799, ALTHOUGH THE TITLE PAGE REMAINED DATED 1757. VERNER CONCLUDES THAT THIS PROBABLY MEANS IT WAS ASSEMBLED ON DEMAND AT INTERVALS FOLLOWING 1757.
GILLES ROBERT DE VAUGONDY (1688-1766) FOUNDED THE ROBERT DE VAUGONDY FIRM. HIS SON DIDIER (1723-1786) CONTINUED THE FIRM UNTIL HIS DEATH, THEN IT WAS TAKEN OVER BY DELAMARCHE.
THE SECOND FRENCH EDITION WAS DONE IN 1777 BY LE ROUGE IN TWO SHEETS AND IS KNOWN IN ONLY ONE STATE.
DATA IS FROM VERNER'S STUDY IN IMAGO MUNDI XXI, CUMMING, CORRESPONDENCE WITH MARY PEDLEY, HER BOOK, AND FROM OBSERVATION OF THE COPIES IN THE HUNTINGFIELD COLLECTION.
EDITION & STATE INFO : THE MANUSCRIPTS FROM WHICH THE MAP WAS MADE ARE NOT KNOWN TO HAVE SURVIVED. THERE ARE THREE PRINTED EDITIONS OF THIS MAP. THE ENGLISH EDITION IS IN EIGHT STATES, THE FIRST FOUR OF WHICH HAVE SIGNIFICANT GEOGRAPHICAL CHANGES AND THE REMAINDER INVOLVE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CHANGES ONLY. THE FIRST FRENCH EDITION IS KNOWN IN FIVE STATES, AND THE SECOND IS IN ONE STATE ONLY.
1ST ED. - (STATE 1) - (1753) - ENTITLED "A MAP OF THE INHABITED PART OF VIRGINIA CONTAINING THE WHOLE PROVINCE OF MARYLAND WITH PART OF PENSILVANIA, NEW JERSEY AND NORTH CAROLINA DRAWN BY JOSHUA FRY & PETER JEFFERSON IN 1751." THE IMPRINT READS "ENGRAV'D AND PUBLISH'D ACCORDING TO ACT OF PARLIAMENT BY THOs. JEFFERYS GEOGRAPHER TO HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES AT THE CORNER OF St. MARTINS LANE, CHARING CROSS, LONDON." IT MEASURES 80 X 124 CM. IN FOUR SHEETS, JOINED. THE SCALE IS 30 MILES = 7.4 CM. OR 1:660,000. LONGITUDE FROM PHILADELPHIA IS AT THE TOP AND FROM CURRATUCK IS AT THE BOTTOM. COPIES ARE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA AND THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY. A PARTIAL COPY IS IN THE MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY. SEE MAP # 253F5.
-(STATE 2) - (1754) - THE TITLE IS CHANGED TO "...THE MOST INHABITED..." THE TWO WESTERN PLATES ARE REWORKED, WITH MOST OF THE STATE 1 DATA DELETED AND REPLACED BY NEW MATERIAL, PRINCIPALLY BASED ON CHRISTOPHER GIST'S TRAVELS. THE DALRYMPLE TABLE OF DISTANCES IS ADDED. ROADS ARE ADDED IN THE EASTERN SECTION AS ARE NAMES OF SEVERAL TOWNS. A COPY IS IN THE PAUL MELLON PRIVATE COLLECTION. SEE MAP # 254F5.
- (STATE 3) - (1755) - FIGURES FOR LONGITUDE WEST OF LONDON (65o19' TO 71o19') ARE ADDED. A TWO-LINE NOTE WITH REFERENCE TO LONGITUDE HAS BEEN ADDED BENEATH THE DALRYMPLE TABLE. COPIES ARE IN THE CLEMENTS, JOHN CARTER BROWN, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS AND THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA. SEE MAP # 255F5.
- (STATE 4) - (1755) - THE INCORRECT LONGITUDE READINGS ARE CORRECTED BY ADDING TEN DEGREES TO THE READINGS. TWO COPIES ARE IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS AND ONE IS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA. SEE MAP # 255F6.
- (STATE 5) - (1768) - THE IMPRINT READS "PRINTED FOR ROBt. SAYER AT No. 53 IN CHARING CROSS, LONDON." IT APPEARED IN JEFFERY'S A GENERAL TOPOGRAPHY OF NORTH AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES...", LONDON: PRINTED FOR R. SAYER & T. JEFFERYS, 1768. COPIES ARE IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY, AND THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA. SEE MAP # 268F5.
- (STATE 6) - (1775) - THE DATE IN THE TITLE IS CHANGED FROM 1751 TO 1775. THE MAP IS CONTAINED IN JEFFERY'S THE AMERICAN ATLAS...", LONDON: PRINTED FOR R. SAYER AND J. BENNETT, IN 1775. COPIES ARE IN THE NEWBERRY AND THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. IT WAS ALSO ISSUED IN THE SAME ATLAS IN 1776. COPIES ARE IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS AND THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA. IT WAS REISSUED IN WILLIAM FADEN'S THE NORTH AMERICAN ATLAS...", LONDON: PRINTED FOR WILLIAM FADEN, 1777. COPIES ARE IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY, VERNER'S COLLECTION, AND THE HUNTINGFIELD COLLECTION. FADEN HAD IT IN HIS THE GENERAL ATLAS OF THE FOUR GRAND QUARTERS OF THE WORLD..., 1778 AND IT ALSO APPEARED THAT YEAR IN JEFFERY'S THE AMERICAN ATLAS..., LONDON: R. SAYER AND J. BENNETT, 1778. A COPY IS IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. SEE MAP # 275F5.
- (STATE 7) - (1782) - THE IMPRINT IS CHANGED TO "PRINTED FOR ROBt. SAYER AT No. 53 IN FLEET STREET, LONDON." IT APPEARED IN JEFFERY'S THE AMERICAN ATLAS..., LONDON: R. SAYER AND J. BENNETT, 1782. COPIES ARE IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, NEWBERRY AND IN VERNER'S COLLECTION. SEE MAP # 282F5.
- (STATE 8) - (1794) - A SECOND IMPRINT IS ADDED IN AN ARC ABOVE THE CARTOUCHE READING "PUBLISH'D 12th. MAY 1794, BY LAURIE & WHITTLE, No. 53 FLEET STREET, LONDON. THE PLATE SHOWS WEAR. GHOST PRINTS OF THE DELETED WESTERN MATERIAL PROVES THAT THE SAME PLATES WERE USED THROUGHOUT AND REVISED. COPIES OF THE SEPARATE ARE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA AND THE VERNER COLLECTION. A COPY OF THIS STATE IN JEFFERY'S THE AMERICAN ATLAS..., LONDON: LAURIE & WHITTLE, 1794, IS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA. SEE MAP # 294F5.
2ND ED. - (STATE 1) - (1755) - ENTITLED "CARTE DE LA VIRGINIE ET DU MARYLAND DRESSEE SUR LA GRANDE CARTE ANGLOISE DE Mr.s. JOSUE FRY ET PIERRE JEFFERSON, PAR LE Sr. ROBERT DE VAUGONDY GEOGRAPHE ORDINAIRE DU ROI. AVEC PRIVILEGE 1755. IT MAY HAVE APPEARED IN ATLAS UNIVERSEL... IN 1756, AND DEFINITELY DID APPEAR IN ROBERT DE VAUGONDY, G & D, ATLAS UNIVERSEL..., A PARIS: CHEZ LE AUTEURS, BOUDET...1757. COPIES ARE IN THE CLEMENTS, NEWBERRY AND IN THE HUNTINGFIELD COLLECTION. THIS IS THE MAP DESCRIBED HEREIN.
- (STATE 2) - (1780?) - THE WESTERN BOUNDARY OR "BACK LINE" OF THE FAIRFAX GRANT IS DELETED. THE WESTERN BOUNDARY OF PENNSYLVANIA HAS BEEN REMOVED AND THE SOUTHERN BOUNDARY EXTENDED WEST TO THE EDGE OF THE MAP. COPIES ARE IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY (2), PEABODY, AND IN THE HUNTINGFIELD COLLECTION. SEE MAP # 280R3.
- (STATE 3) - (1780?) - THE ENGRAVER'S STATEMENT "GRAVE PAR E. HAUSSARD" HAS BEEN DELETED AND REPLACED BY THE NAME "GROUX". THE DATE RESULTS FROM THIS CHANGE PRESUMABLY BEING DIRECTLY RELATED TO STATE 2. COPIES ARE IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS AND THE HUNTINGFIELD COLLECTION. SEE MAP # 280R4.
- (STATE 4) - (1793?) - THE TITLE IS ALTERED TO DELETE "DU ROI" FROM THE IMPRINT. VERNER HAD EXAMINED ONLY THE SEPARATE FROM JOHN CARTER BROWN. HUNTINGFIELD HAS A COPY WITH "105" ON VERSO, OBVIOUSLY FROM AN ATLAS THAT IS SIMILAR IN ALL OTHER RESPECTS. VERNER TENTATIVELY DATES THIS 1793 BECAUSE OF THE DEATH OF LOUIS XVI IN 1793. SEE MAP # 293R5.
- (STATE 5) - (1794?) - ALL THE TITLE AFTER "GEOGRAPHE" IS DELETED. THIS APPEARS IN ROBERT DE VAUGONDY, G & D, ATLAS UNIVERSEL..., PARIS: CHEZ DELAMARCHE, UNDATED, BUT WITH A MAP DATED 1793 IN IT. COPIES ARE IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY, UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA AND VERNER COLLECTIONS. IT ALSO IS IN THIS SAME ATLAS, WITH A MAP DATED 1799. COPIES ARE IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS AND IN THE HUNTINGFIELD COLLECTION. SEE MAP # 294R5.
3RD ED. - (1777) - THE MAP IS ENTITLED "VIRGINIE, MARYLAND EN 2 FEUILLES PAR FRY ET JEFFERSON TRADUIT, CORRIGE, AUGMENTE A PARIS CHEZ LE ROUGE JNG. D GEOGRAHE DU ROI RUE DES GRANDS AUGUSTINES 1777. AVEC PRIVILEGE DU ROI." THERE IS AN INSET 43.7 X 15.9 CM. ALONG THE LOWER RIGHT SIDE CONTAINING THE WESTERN PORTION OF THE MAP. THE MAP CUT AND JOINED IS 66.6 X 98.5 CM. IT APPEARED IN LE ROUGE, G.L., ATLAS AMERIQUAIN SEPTENTRIONAL..., PARIS: CHEZ LE ROUGE, 1778. A COPY IS IN THE HUNTINGFIELD COLLECTION. SEE MAP # 277L5.
MOST OF THIS DATA IS DIRECTLY FROM VERNER'S STUDY IN IMAGO MUNDI XXI. HE STATES THAT THIS CHECKLIST SUPERSEDES THE ONE IN THE FRY & JEFFERSON MAP OF VIRGINIA AND MARYLAND..., PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1950 AND THE SECOND EDITION PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA PRESS. HOWEVER, DIRECT REFERENCE WAS ALSO MADE TO THE SEVEN STATES IN THE HUNTINGFIELD COLLECTION.
HFC OWNERSHIP DATA : THE HUNTINGFIELD COLLECTION HAS SEVEN STATES OF THE FRY & JEFFERSON MAP AS FOLLOWS:
1ST ED. - (STATE 6) - (1775) - ON HEAVY PAPER WITH VILLEDARY "IV" COUNTERMARK. "21" AND "22" ARE IN BLOCK PRINT ON TWO OF THE SHEETS. THE TOP TWO AND BOTTOM TWO SHEETS ARE JOINED TO MAKE TWO LONG SHEETS. THE MAP IS IN EXCELLENT CONDITION. THE ACQ. # IS BB023-TFI AND THE MDHR # IS MSA SC1399-61.
2ND ED. - (STATE 1) - (1755) - AN EXCELLENT COPY ON HEAVY PAPER IN OUTLINE COLORING. THE ACQ. # IS BB023-HND AND THE MDHR # IS MSA SC1399-238.
- (STATE 2) - (1780?) - AN EXCELLENT COPY ON HEAVY PAPER IN OUTLINE COLORING. "105" IS PRINTED ON VERSO. THE ACQ. # IS SW015-NEF AND THE MDHR # IS MSA SC1399-562.
- (STATE 3) - (1780?) - A GOOD COPY ON HEAVY PAPER IN OUTLINE COLORING WITH SOME PRINT THROUGH. "105" IS PRINTED ON VERSO. THE ACQ. # IS SW015-NEF AND THE MDHR # IS MSA SC1399-561.
- (STATE 4) - (1793?) - A GOOD COPY ON HEAVY PAPER IN OUTLINE COLORING. IT HAS SOME DARK SPOTS. "105" IS PRINTED ON VERSO. THE ACQ. # IS SW015-TFI AND THE MDHR # IS MSA SC1399-564.
- (STATE 5) - (1794?) - A GOOD COPY IN OUTLINE COLOR EXCEPT FOR MARYLAND AND NEW JERSEY, WHICH ARE IN SOLID YELLOW AND DELAWARE, WHICH IS IN PINK. "110" IS ON VERSO. THE ACQ. # IS SW015-TFI AND THE MDHR # IS MSA SC1399-553.
3RD ED. - (1777) - AN EXCELLENT COPY WITH BOTH SHEETS JOINED IN OUTLINE COLORING ON HEAVY PAPER WITH FULL MARGINS, FRAMED BEHIND PROTECTIVE PLASTIC. THE ACQ. # IS N026-GGD AND THE MDHR # IS MSA SC1399-210.
BIBLIGRAPHICAL REFS. : VERNER, COOLIE, "THE FRY AND JEFFERSON MAP",INIMAGO MUNDI XXI, LONDON: IMAGO MUNDI LTD, 1967, 70- 94; CUMMING, WILLIAM P., THE SOUTHEAST IN EARLY MAPS, CHAPEL HILL: UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS, 1962, 219-21; FADEN & JEFFERYS, A CATALOGUE OF MODERN & CORRECT MAPS, PLANS & CHARTS, CHIEFLY ENGRAVED BY THE LATE T. JEFFERYS, LONDON: 1774; FITE, EMERSON D. & ARCHIBALD FREEMAN, A BOOK OF OLD MAPS DELINEATING AMERICAN HISTORY..., CAMBRIDGE: HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1926, # 61, 242-5; GARRISON, H. S., "CARTOGRAPHY OF PENNSYLVANIA BEFORE 1800, IN PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY & BIOGRAPHY, LIX (1935), 274-5; HARRISON, F., WILLIAM & MARY QUARTERLY, V. 4, 6/1924, 1-15; LEWIS, T., THE FAIRFAX LINE, THOS. LEWIS' JOURNAL OF 1746, NEWMARKET: 1925; MALONE, D. "JEFFERSON THE VIRGINIAN", IN VOL 1 OF JEFFERSON AND HIS TIME, BOSTON: 1948.; MALONE, D., THE FRY & JEFFERSON MAP OF VIRGINIA & MARYLAND, PRINCETON: 1950 (WITH VERNER'S CHECKLIST), 13-19; MATHEWS, EDWARD B., "BIBLIOGRAPHY AND CARTOGRAPHY OF MARYLAND", IN MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY VOL. I, PART IV, BALTIMORE: JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS, 1897, 347, 351, 352; NORONA, D. ed., "JOSHUA FRY'S REPORT ON THE BACK SETTLEMENTS OF VIRGINIA (MAY 8, 1751)", IN THE VIRGINIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY, LVI, (JAN., 1948), 22-41; PHILLIPS, PHILIP LEE, A LIST OF MAPS OF AMERICA IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, NEW YORK: BURT FRANKLIN, UNDATED REPRINT OF A 1901 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PUBLICATION, 392-394; PHILLIPS, PHILIP LEE, "SOME EARLY MAPS OF VIRGINIA AND THE MAKERS...", IN VIRGINIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY, V. 15, 7/07; PHILLIPS, PHILIP LEE. "VIRGINIA CARTOGRAPHY, A BIOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION", IN SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTION, V. 37, WASHINGTON: 1896, # 1039, 48; SLAUGHTER, P., "MEMOIR OF COL. JOSHUA FRY", IN ESSAYS HONORING L.C. WROTH, PORTLAND MAINE: 1951, 301-302; SWEM, EARL G.,"MAPS RELATING TO VIRGINIA IN THE VIRGINIA STATE LIBRARY", RICHMOND: 1914, ISSUED AS V.7, #2 & 3, APRIL-JULY 1914 OF THE BULLETIN OF THE VIRGINIA STATE LIBRARY, 61, 65, 70, 175, 184, 189, 234-7; THE FRY & JEFFERSON MAP OF VIRGINIA AND MARYLAND, CHARLOTTESVILLE: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA PRESS, 1966; VERNER, COOLIE, [UNPUBLISHED] NOTES ON THE MAPS OF VIRGINIA, # 623, 630, 644, 699, 723, 739, 742, 759, 793, AND 904; PHILLIPS, PHILIP LEE, A LIST OF GEOGRAPHICAL ATLASES IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, AMSTERDAM: THEATRVM ORBIS TERRARVMM, LTD, A 1971 REPRINT OF A 1909 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PUBLICATION, # 1165, 1166, 1169, 1196, 1207, 1208, AND 3659a. March 8, 1994
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