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DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, MARYLAND HISTORICAL TRUST (Historic Sites Survey) var.d. MSA SE16-7 Image No: se16-7-0321 Enlarge and print image (85K) |
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DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, MARYLAND HISTORICAL TRUST (Historic Sites Survey) var.d. MSA SE16-7 Image No: se16-7-0321 Enlarge and print image (85K) |
| NFS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places __________ Continuation Sheet Name of Property Cairoll County, MD Section 8 Page 8 County and State following World War II, the Menninger Clinic became one of the nation's leading centers for psychoanalytic psychiatry, and Karl and William became leading proponents of using psychotropic drugs as the primary means of controlling the behavior of patients. At the 1946 APA meeting, the year after the organization had adopted the reformist report on the treatment and housing of the mentally ill, a group of young activist members including Karl Menninger, founded the Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry (GAP), to speed change within the Association. At the APA's 1947 meeting, Menninger was elected to become president in 1948. The keynote address at this meeting was "The State Hospital" and one of the tracts was devoted to reforms in treatment and facilities at state hospitals. The final transition of from institutionalization to outpatient care was embodied in the National Mental Health Study Act. Signed into law by president Eisenhower in 1955, it established the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health (JCMIH), ultimately composed of 36 health and mental health organizations. It's official goals were to study the various mental, medical and environmental factors contributing to mental illness, develop adequate diagnosis, treatment and care methods, improve the training of personnel working with the mentally ill, undertake a national survey of conditions at private and public facilities, and develop a comprehensive set of recommendations. Over the next two years, the Commission expanded its role to include topics such as the role of public schools in preventing mental illness, the economics of mental health, and epistemological studies of mental diseases. By the time its report, Action for Mental Health, was published in 1960 the JCMIH had already had an enormous impact on the field. Mental illness was now seen as having a strong biological and environmental basis. The de-institutionalization and mainstreaming of patients was well underway, and the public was beginning to look at mental illness differently. In essence, the report sanctified and confirmed the processes begun with the reformists and the passage of the 1946 Act. Design and Construction of the Lane Building Against this background of change Henry Powell Hopkins was thinking about the design of the Lane Building. Hopkins began his association with the Springfield Hospital when he designed the Clark Circle colony between 1924 and 1936. His use of the Georgian Revival style in the Lane building, as well as most of the buildings he designed at the hospital, can first be seen in the massing, decorative trim, roof shapes and porticos of the those buildings. In 1945, Henry Powell Hopkins drafted the first plans for a "cottage for disturbed women" that was to contain a maximum of 100 patients. This was the same year that the APA adopted its new guidelines for the treatment of the mentally ill and the design of facilities. The directive to design the building grew out of discussions that the hospital's Superintendent and Board of Managers had had during World War II in response to a directive from the State Department of Health and Mental Hygiene to plan for the improvement of patient and employee housing and infrastructure after the war. The Department intended to allocate funds to each of the state's four mental hospitals and directed that planning be undertaken to how to most effectively use the money once the |