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March 1994 |
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March 1994 |
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Most will agree that orientation and mobility (O and M) training for the blind and visually impaired is critical for true independence. In fact, most blind individuals have at least some O and M in their backgrounds -- but few have an adequate proficiency in independent travel skills.
Although training individuals on specific travel routes is common practice in schools and rehab, in the long run, this sort of "temporary" and limited information is simply not practical. Furthermore, the limits placed on the individuals go deeper than just constricting their travel freedom, it constricts their self-confidence as well.
Just as distressing is the primary focus of O and M training on danger factors, rather than "competence potential." Self-confidence is formed on risk taking -- which also enhances self-esteem -- and the philosophy that blind people are fully capable.
The key to all this is "empowerment," through negotiating mass transit, independently re-orienting when lost, and basically developing an attitude for success.
Positive role-models are essential to any rehab, or disability training program. Individuals need to be shown how far their skills can be stretched, and how their training can be put to good, practical use. Instructors must not acquiesce to students' fears by decreasing expectations, rather than fostering an attitude of control and responsibility for oneself.
Acknowledging the problems that Maryland faces is the easy task. Planning and implementing changes is a whole other ball game.
Mobility training in Maryland is offered on a very limited basis. Competent travelers, for the most part, are only as independent as their canine guide or long white cane will allow. Others choose to imprison themselves in "safe" places, such as their homes. A program that does offer positive alternatives is Blind Industries and Services of Maryland, however, the number of students is quite limited.
Perhaps the most incriminating cause of self-denial among the blind population is negative stereotyping. Many blind individuals who are not affiliated or at least familiar with the civil rights movement of the blind are no more informed than the general public. To counteract this debilitating factor, it is imperative that instructors urge blind students to do things they resist, and maintain high expectations.
Through a progressive philosophy of increased expectations and confidence, and instruction strategies designed to foster universal skills and problem solving attitudes about travel, Maryland can be well on the road to meeting the needs of all blind and visually-impaired residents.
With the help of consumer advocacy groups such as the National Federation of the Blind, and positive role-models, these goals can be met swiftly, and successfully.
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