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Judge
Lynch's Court
Mobs & Justice in
Maryland, 1860s - 1930s
Statistical Tables
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| The Maryland State Archives offers this
historical look at the lynching phenomena as it occurred in the state during
the late nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. It is not the
purpose of this site to interpret these phenomena, but only to provide
information, data, and context for lay readers and researchers who may
themselves affix interpretation.
For each lynching under the consideration
of this study, a profile
questionnaire was completed. The goal of this questionnaire was
to apply categorization to the various elements of each episode -- from
the trigger crime through the post-lynching climate -- so that generalizations
may be drawn from the incidents collectively. The results of the
categorization are submited in tables below. The individual profile questionnaire
for each lynching victim is linked directly to the victim's biographical
profile. |
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Table 1 - Maryland Lynchings,
1865 [?] - 1933
Table 2 - Crimes For
Which Person Was Lynched,and Occurrences in Maryland
Table 3 - Lynching Occurrences
in MarylandCompared to National Incidences, by Decade
Table 4 - Lynching Occurrences
in Maryland Counties, 1865 – 1933
Table 5 a - Profile
of Victimsin Lynching Trigger Crimes, 1865 - 1933
Table 5 b - Profile
of PersonsLynched in Maryland, 1865 - 1933
Table 6 - Profile of
Lynch Mobs in Maryland
Table 7 - Profile of
Lynching Behavior
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Table 1 -
Maryland Lynchings, 1865 [?] - 1933
| Name
of Person Lynched |
Date
of Lynching |
Color
of Person Lynched |
Color
of Trigger Crime Victim |
Gender
of Trigger Crime Victim |
Color
of Lynch Mob |
Crime
for which Lynching Executed |
County
in Which Lynching Occurred |
| William
"Cuba" Andrews |
6/9/1895 |
black |
white |
female |
white |
Sexual Violence |
Somerset |
| George
Armwood |
|
black |
white |
|
|
|
|
James
Bowens |
11/16/1895 |
black |
white |
female |
white |
Sexual Violence |
Frederick |
George
Briscoe |
11/26/1884 |
black |
white |
female |
white |
Robbery |
Anne Arundel |
William
Burns |
10/6/1907 |
black |
white |
male |
white |
Unsolicated Fatal violence |
Allegany |
| Townshend
Cook |
6/2/1885 |
black |
white |
female |
white |
Sexual Violence |
Carroll |
| Howard
Cooper |
7/13/1885 |
black |
white |
female |
white |
Sexual Violence |
Baltimore |
Henry
Davis |
|
black |
white |
|
|
|
|
Asbury
Green |
5/13/1891 |
black |
white |
female |
white |
Sexual Violence |
Queen Anne's |
Michael
Green |
|
black |
white |
|
|
|
|
| Benjamin
Hance |
6/17/1887 |
black |
white |
female |
white |
Sexual Violence |
St. Mary's |
Jacob
Henson |
5/28/1895 |
black |
white |
male |
white |
Unsolicated Fatal violence |
Howard |
King
Johnson |
12/25/1911 |
black |
white |
male |
white |
Fatal Violence in Self-Defense |
Anne Arundel |
Isaac
Kemp |
6/8/1894 |
black |
white |
male |
white |
Violent Altrication resulting in Fatality |
Princess Anne |
| Garfield
King |
5/25/1898 |
black |
white |
male |
white |
Unsolicated Fatal violence |
Wicomico |
| Marshall
E. Price |
6/28/1895 |
white |
white |
female |
white |
Unsolicated Fatal violence |
Caroline |
James
Reed |
7/28/1907 |
black |
white |
male |
white |
Unsolicated Fatal violence |
Somerset |
Wright
Smith |
10/5/1898 |
black |
white |
female |
white |
Unsolicated Non-fatal violence |
Anne Arundel |
John
Scott |
3/23/1875 |
black |
white |
female |
interracial |
Sexual Violence |
Prince George's |
| Nicholas
Snowden |
9/18/1885 |
black |
black |
female |
black |
Sexual Violence |
Howard |
James
Taylor |
5/17/1892 |
black |
white |
female |
white |
Sexual Violence |
Kent |
Joe
Vermillion |
12/11/1889 |
black |
n/a |
n/a |
white |
Arson |
Prince George's |
| Charles
Whitley |
6/6/1886 |
black |
white |
female |
white |
Sexual Violence |
Calvert |
Matt
Williams |
12/4/1931 |
black |
white |
male |
white |
Unsolicated Fatal violence |
Wicomico |
| Stephen
Williams |
10/20/1894 |
black |
white |
female |
white |
Sexual Violence |
Prince George's |
Table 2 - Crimes
For Which Person Was Lynched,
and Occurrences in Maryland
| Type
of Crime |
No.
of Occurrences Resulting in a Lynch Action |
| Unsolicited fatal violence |
6 |
| Violence in fatal self-defense |
1 |
| Unsolicited non-fatal violence |
1 |
| Violence in non-fatal self-defense |
0 |
| Sexual violence |
11 |
| Robbery |
1 |
| Arson |
1 |
| Participatory insurrection |
0 |
| Guilt-by-association (in
the case of insurrection) |
0 |
Table 3 - Lynching
Occurrences in Maryland
Compared to National Incidences, by
Decade
| Year Span |
Maryland Incidences |
National Incidences |
| 1860s |
0 |
|
| 1870s |
1 |
|
| 1880s |
7 |
|
| 1890s |
10 |
|
| 1900s |
2 |
|
| 1910s |
1 |
|
| 1920s |
0 |
|
| 1930s |
1 |
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Table 4 - Lynching
Occurrences in Maryland Counties, 1865 – 1933
| Region: County |
1865 - 1899 |
1900 - 1933 |
| WESTERN MARYLAND: |
0 |
1 |
| Garrett County |
0 |
0 |
| Allegany County |
0 |
1 |
| Washington County |
0 |
0 |
| CENTRAL MARYLAND: |
5 |
0 |
| Frederick County |
1 |
0 |
| Carroll County |
1 |
0 |
| Harford County |
0 |
0 |
| Baltimore County |
1 |
0 |
| Baltimore City |
0 |
0 |
| Howard County |
2 |
0 |
| Montgomery County |
0 |
0 |
| SOUTHERN MARYALND: |
7 |
1 |
| Anne Arundel County |
2 |
1 |
| Prince George’s County |
3 |
0 |
| Calvert County |
1 |
0 |
| Charles County |
0 |
0 |
| St. Mary’s County |
1 |
0 |
| UPPER EASTERN
SHORE MARYLAND: |
2 |
0 |
| Cecil County |
0 |
0 |
| Kent County |
1 |
0 |
| Queen Anne County |
1 |
0 |
| Talbot County |
0 |
0 |
| Caroline County |
0 |
0 |
| LOWER EASTERN
SHORE MARYLAND: |
3 |
2 |
| Dorchester County |
0 |
0 |
| Wicomico County |
1 |
1 |
| Somerset County |
2 |
1 |
| Worcester County |
0 |
0 |
Table 5 a - Profile
of Victims
in Lynching Trigger Crimes, 1865 -
1933
| Description of
Characteristic |
No. of Occurrences* |
| Local |
19 |
| Outsider |
1 |
| Male |
7 |
| Female |
13 |
| Black |
1 |
| White |
19 |
| Child or teenager |
6 |
| Officer of Law or Gov't |
3 |
* Because multiple
characteristics per victim, number of characteristics will exceed number
of victims
Table 5 b - Profile
of Persons
Lynched in Maryland, 1865 - 1933
| Description of
Characteristic |
No. of Occurrences* |
| Local |
16 |
| Outsider |
6 |
| Male |
22 |
| Female |
0 |
| Black |
21 |
| White |
1 |
| Child or teenager |
1 |
* Because multiple
characteristics per incidence, number of characteristics will exceed number
of persons lynched
Table 6 - Profile
of Lynch Mobs in Maryland
| Lynch Mobs Composed
of: |
No. of Mobs |
| Men |
22 |
| Women |
0 |
| Mixed-Gender |
0 |
| Whites |
20 |
| Blacks |
1 |
| Mixed-Race |
1 |
Table 7 - Profile
of Lynching Behavior
| Point at Which
Lynching Usurped Due Process of the Law: |
No. of Lynchings |
| Shortly after the crime, but before any
conclusive investigation |
13 |
| While trial was on-going, after the verdict,
but before Sentencing |
2 |
| After the trial had concluded, verdict
handed down, sentencing handed down |
Persons Lynched after being sentenced
to death by the court
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Persons Lynched but not sentenced
to death by the court
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