1. Last Name of Person Lynched: Snowden
2. First Name of Person Lynched: Nicholas
3. Middle Name of Person Lynched:
4. Prefix to Name of Person Lynched (Mr., Miss, Mrs., Ms.)
5. Suffix to Name of Person Lynched (Jr., II, etc.)
6. Title to Name of Person Lynched (Rev., Dr., Capt., etc.)
7. City of Press Consulted: Baltimore
8. Name of Press Consulted: the Sun
9. Date of Lynching: September 18, 1885
10. City Where Lynching Occurred: Ellicott City
11. County Where Lynching Occured: Howard County
12. What was the trigger crime?
a) Unsolicited fatal violence?
b) Violence in fatal self-defense?
c) Unsolicited non-fatal violence?
d) Violence in non-fatal self-defense?
e) Sexual violence?
f) Robbery?
g) Arson?
h) Participatory insurrection?
i) Guilt-by-association (in the case of insurrection)?
13. Who was victim of trigger crime? (all that apply)
a) Local
b) Outsider?
c) Male
d) Female?
e) Black
f) White?
g) Lower classes
h) Middle/upper classes?
i) Child or teenager?
j) Adult (healthy)?
k) Elderly, handicapped, or infirm?
14. Who was the alleged criminal/lynch victim?
a) Local
b) Outsider?
c) Male
d) Female?
e) Black
f) White?
g) Lower classes
h) Middle/upper classes?
i) Child or teenager?
j) Adult (healthy)?
k) Elderly, handicapped, or infirm?
15. At what point did the lynching take place?
a) Shortly after the crime, but before any conclusive investigation?
b) After a suspect had been identified, but not yet apprehend, or apprehended
but released?
c) After a suspect had been apprehended and detained, but before any
trial?
d) While trial was on-going, before verdict?
e) While trial was on-going, after the verdict, but before sentencing?
f) After the trial had concluded, verdict handed down, sentencing handed
down?
g) After defendant was found guilty in court?
h) After defendant was sentenced to death in court?
16. Was the suspect continuously detained locally, if not, to where
was he/she removed?
a) Yes?
b) No.?
i) [notes field]
17. At any point in the apprehension, detention, and trial of suspect did
the state intervene on any level?
a) Yes?
b) No.?
i) [notes field]
18. In a few sentences characterize the court proceedings?
i) [notes field]
19. If lynching occurred in lieu of a formal trial?
a) Was lynch victim found at scene of crime?
i) Yes
ii) No
iii) Not reported
b) Was lynch victim found locally within hours of the crime?
i) Yes
ii) No
iii) Not reported
c) Was lynch victim identified and killed well after (days) after the crime?
i) Yes
ii) No
iii) Not reported
20. If lynching took place after trial?
a) Did it occur immediately after the sentencing?
i) Yes
ii) No
iii) Not reported
b) Was lynching perpetrated in public space (court house yard, street,
etc.)?
i) Yes
ii) No
iii) Not reported
c) Was a non-participatory crowd of on-lookers present?
i) Yes
ii) No
iii) Not reported
d) Was lynching executed surreptitiously (at night, in woods, no non-participatory
witness)?
i) Yes
ii) No
iii) Not reported
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21. Method of lynching? (All that apply)
a) Hanging (lynch mob composed soley of black men)
b) Burning?
c) Gun shot?
d) Stabbing?
e) Dragging?
f) Other fatal torture?
g) Dismemberment?
h) Not reported
22. What was the disposition of the press toward crime?
a) Sad, but simply a crime
b) A particularly heinous crime
c) A unique and/or unprecedented crime
d) No comment
23. What was the disposition of the press toward possibility of
lynching?
a) Encouraged lynching
b) Discouraged lynching
c) Silent on the prospects
d) No comment
24. What was the disposition of the press toward lynching after
the fact?
a) Congratulatory
b) Disapproving yet understanding
c) Outraged
d) No comment
25. What role did the local law enforcement play in the lynching?
a) Participatory (through action or inaction)
b) Preventative (though action, even if unsuccessful)
c) No role (lynching occurred before local law enforcement became involved)
d) Not reported
26. What role did the local judiciary play in the lynching?
a) Participatory (through action or inaction)
b) Preventative (though action, even if unsuccessful)
c) No role (lynching occurred before local judiciary became involved)
d) Not reported
27. What role did the local executive play in the lynching?
a) Participatory (through action or inaction)
b) Preventative (though action, even if unsuccessful)
c) No role (lynching occurred before local executive became involved)
d) Not reported
28. What role did the state law enforcement play in the lynching?
a) Participatory (through action or inaction)
b) Preventative (though action, even if unsuccessful)
c) No role (lynching occurred before state law enforcement became involved)
d) Not reported
29. What role did the state judiciary play in the lynching?
a) Participatory (through action or inaction)
b) Preventative (though action, even if unsuccessful)
c) No role (lynching occurred before state judiciary became involved)
d) Not reported
30. What role did the state executive play in the lynching?
a) Participatory (through action or inaction)
b) Preventative (though action, even if unsuccessful)
c) No role (lynching occurred before state executive became involved)
d) Not reported
31. How were the lynchers portrayed in press local accounts (all
that apply)?
a) Outsiders?
b) Town folk (Ellicott City African American men)
c) Heroes?
d) Vigilantes?
e) Criminals?
f) Unspecified
32. How were the lynchers portrayed in press non-local accounts (all that
apply)?
a) Outsiders?
b) Town folk?
c) Heroes?
d) Vigilantes?
e) Criminals?
f) Unspecified
33. How were the on-lookers (if any) portrayed
by the local press?
a) Aghast and/or horrified?
b) Somber, matter of fact?
c) Celebratory and/or souvenir seeking?
d) Unspecified
34. How were the on-lookers (if any) portrayed
by the non-local press?
a) Aghast and/or horrified?
b) Somber, matter of fact?
c) Celebratory and/or souvenir seeking?
d) Unspecified
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