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487
(11) See discussion of the trade union movement below.
(12) See discussion of the trade union movement below.
(13) See discussion of the trade union movement below.
(14) See the discussion of the trade union movement below and the discussion of
the Buy Where You Can Work campaign in chapter 7.
(15) Braverman, Labor and Monopoly Capital, chapter 15.
(16) Also nearly 2/3s of the clerical workers were listed as "other," suggesting that
they were in something other than easily-defined traditional clerical positions.
(17) Lois Rita Helmbold, "Making Changes, Making Do: Black and White Working
Class Women's Lives during the Depression," (Ph.D., 1983), 289ff.
(18) U.S. Bureau of the Census, Fifteenth Census of the United States; Population
(1930), volume 4f 661-665.
(19) Braverman, Labor and Monopoly Capital', chapters 15-16.
(20) The high proportion of skilled women in clothing is somewhat misleading, for
within the skilled ranks women provided 99.8% of the dressmakers and
seamstresses but only 17.8 % of the tailors and (in the quaint terminology of the
day) "tailoresses." This indicates that men strongly dominated the upper levels of
this industry, for tailors often directed the work of dressmakers and seamstresses,
who had little real control over their work process. Also, it is important to note
that degradation of the work of women tailors was a major trend from at least the
1890s; see Sherry H. Olson, Baltimore: Tlie Building of an American City (Baltimore:
1980), 230.
(21) U.S. Bureau of the Census, Fifteenth Census of the United States; Population
(1930), volume 4,661-665.
(22) See the discussion of ethnicity and the color bar in chapter 3 above.
(23) The Fifteenth Census does not distinguish U.S.-born from foreign-born Blacks.
(24) Foreign-born whites represented only a small portion of the white ethnic-
immigrant population of Baltimore in 1930 - a population typically comprised of
two- or three- generations. However, table 4 uses figures for the foreign-bora
whites instead of, say, figures for foreign-bora and whites with one foreign bora
parent, because the former figures would tend to exaggerate divergences between
European ethnicities and "native" Americans in the job market, thus making them
impossible to ignore.
(25) It should be noted that, as has often been the case, Blacks were probably
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