Frederick Myre
MSA SC 3520-16788
Biography:
Frederick Myre enlisted as a private in the Ninth Company of the First Maryland Regiment on January 29, 1776. The regiment was Maryland's first contingent of full-time, professional soldiers raised to be part of the Continental Army. Many of the men in the company came from Western Maryland, although the company also drew men from other parts of the state as well, since it was designated as the elite light infantry company for the regiment. Instead of fighting in a line with the other companies, the light infantry was often deployed in small groups ahead of the main body of troops as scouts or skirmishers. They carried rifles, rather than muskets, and were intended to be a more mobile group. [1]
Myre and the rest of the company traveled to Annapolis in March 1776, to join with the rest of the regiment. As they departed, however, they were ordered to Baltimore to provide reinforcements in case of an anticipated British attack launched from the HMS Otter, a warship reportedly heading for the city. No attack ever materialized, and the company proceeded to Annapolis. They trained there until July, when the First Maryland Regiment was ordered to march north to New York, to protect the city from invasion by the British. [2]
On August 27, a month after arriving in New York, the Americans clashed with the British at the Battle of Brooklyn (also called the Battle of Long Island), the first full-scale encounter of the American Revolution. The battle was a rout: the British were able to sneak around the American lines, and the outflanked Americans fled in disarray. During the retreat, the Maryland troops fought their way towards the American fortifications, but were blocked by the swampy Gowanus Creek. While half the regiment was able to cross the creek, the rest, Myre's company among them, were unable to do so before they were attacked by the British. Facing down a much larger, better-trained force, these men, now known as the "Maryland 400," mounted a series of daring charges, which held the British at bay for some time, at the cost of many lives, before being overrun. [3]
The Ninth Company fared poorly at the battle, probably because their role as light infantry placed them closest to the enemy lines during combat. At least 13 soldiers from the company were captured, and fewer than half the men from the Ninth Company escaped death or captivity at the battle. One of those captured was Frederick Myre. While he left no account of his time in captivity, Thomas McKeel, a sergeant in the Sixth Company, reported that he "remained a prisoner on board of a Prison Ship until the British troops got possession of New York" in November 1776, and "he was then taken ashore and imprisoned in New York with the Maryland officers and prisoners, until he was parolled." Myre was likely also released around the end of 1776. [4]
After his release, Myre reenlisted as a private in newly re-formed First Maryland Regiment in late 1776, serving a three-year term. He was with the Marylanders at the Battle of Staten Island (August 1777). Myre also took part in the battles of Brandywine (September 1777) and Germantown (October 1777), part of the American campaign to protect their capital at Philadelphia. All of these battles were decisive American defeats, although the Marylanders continued to distinguish themselves in combat. At the end of 1779, Myre's enlistment expired, and he left the army. [5]
In the summer of 1781, however, Myre returned to military service, helping to bolster the ranks of an American army that was running short on men. The summer before, the Marylanders had lost 600 men, a third of their strength, at the Battle of Camden, and had fought several battles since then. With the war now in its sixth year, the manpower shortage was severe, and finding new recruits was difficult. While the Marylanders fought in several decisive battles in the Carolinas in 1781, Myre probably had not joined the army by then. Still, he likely traveled with them through South Carolina in 1782, after they were dispatched there to counter continued British threats, even after the surrender at Yorktown (October 1781). Myre's time with the army in 1782 was short, however, as he was reported as a deserter in early April. [6]
Afterwards, he probably returned to Maryland. It is difficult to say for certain what Myre's fate was, as there were others with that name in Maryland, but he likely lived in Frederick or Washington counties, at least for a while; these western parts of Maryland were where Myre's original Ninth Company had been raised. In 1792, he successfully petitioned to be granted back pay for his time in the army, the last known record of his life. [7]
Owen Lourie, 2016
Notes:
[1] Muster Rolls and Other Records of Service of Maryland Troops in the American Revolution, Archives of Maryland Online, vol. 18, p. 19; George Stricker to Council, 21 January 1776, Journal and Correspondence of the Maryland Council of Safety, August 29, 1775 to July 6, 1776, Archives of Maryland Online, vol. 11, p. 102. His name is also spelled variously Mire, Myers, etc.
[2] Order to Capt. Stricker, Council of Safety Proceedings, 6 March 1776, Archives of Maryland Online, vol. 11, p. 202; Order to Capt. Stricker, 9 March 1776, Archives of Maryland Online, vol. 11, p. 224-225.
[3] Return of the Maryland troops, 27 September 1776, from Fold3.com; Mark Andrew Tacyn “’To the End:’ The First Maryland Regiment and the American Revolution” (PhD diss., University of Maryland College Park, 1999), 48-73. For more on the experience of the Marylanders at the Battle of Brooklyn, see "In Their Own Words," on the Maryland State Archives research blog, Finding the Maryland 400.
[4] Pay Role of Prisoners taken on Long Island from 27th August to the 10th Dec. 1776, Maryland State Papers, Revolutionary Papers, MdHR 19970-19-01 [MSA S997-19-1 01/07/03/15]; Pension of Thomas McKeel. National Archives, Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty Land-Warrant Application Files, S34977, from Fold3.com.
[5] Archives of Maryland, vol. 18, p. 137; Compiled Service Records of Soldiers Who Served in the American Army During the Revolutionary War, NARA M881, from Fold3.com.
[6] Archives of Maryland, vol. 18, pps. 397, 405, 458; Tacyn, 216-225.
[7] U.S. Federal Census, 1790, Frederick County, Maryland; U.S. Federal Census, 1810, Washington County, Maryland, Lower Antietam Hundred; U.S. Federal Census, 1820, Washington County, Maryland, Districts 1 and 4; Journal and Correspondence of the State Council of Maryland, 1789-1793, 12 June 1792, Archives of Maryland Online, vol. 72, p. 276; Commissioner to Settle and Adjust Pay Due Officers and Soldiers, Depreciation Certificates Register, 1789-1793, p. 250, MdHR 1761 [MSA S170-1, 1/1/4/26].
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