Albert C. Ritchie (1876-1936)
MSA SC 3520-1480
Governor of Maryland, 1920-1935
1. New York Times, Oct. 14, 1923.
2. The Evening Sun, Feb. 24, 1936.
3. Undated, no newspaper identification; Albert Cabell Ritchie File, Vertical Files, Maryland Room Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore.
4. Evening Sun, Feb. 24, 1936.
5. Ibid. Ritchie was specifically chosen by Baruch. Baruch ". . . admired the intelligent and highly geared young attorney for the group." Margaret Coit, Mr. Baruch (Boston, 1957), pp. 166, 134. This admiration and personal friendship included substantial campaign contributions by Baruch to Ritchie, $5,000 in 1919, $2500 in 1923. New York Times, Nov. 22, 1923.
6. Ibid., March 28, 1926.
7. Interview with Walter N. Kirkman, State Purchasing Agent (1921-1948) and personal friend of the late governor, July 30, 1964; New York Times, March 28, 1926.
8. Albert C. Ritchie to W.W. Baldwin, December 14, 1924, Governor's Correspondence: Albert Cabell Ritchie, 1920-1935, Maryland Hall of Records. Annapolis, Md. (f.d. 14-a). Hereafter cited as ACR.
9. Evening Sun, Feb. 24, 1936.; Sr. Rita M. Helldorfer, "The Gubernatorial Career of Albert Cabell Ritchie, Governor of Maryland, 1920-1935" (Unpublished Master's thesis, The Catholic University of America, 1954), pp. 3-4.
10. Ibid.
11. Sun, Jan. 15, 1920, in "Ritchie's Scrapbooks," Scrapbook 39, p. 13, Md. Hist. Soc., Baltimore. Hereafter cited as RS.
12. Ibid., Jan. 22, 1920, RS 39, p. 20.
13. Inaugural Addresses and Legislative Messages of Governor Albert C. Ritchie, 1920-1935 (Baltimore, n.d.,), pp. 10-11. Hereafter cited as Inaugural Addresses.
14. Sun, Feb. 4, 1920, RS 39, p. 23; The Baltimore-American, Feb. 12, 1920, RS 39, p. 31. This followed the economizing of former Governor Emerson C. Harrington and the surplus in the state treasury. Ibid.
15. Ibid., April 6, 1920, RS 39, p. 72.
16. A.C. Ritchie to Miss Mary Jenkins, Secretary, Just Government League, July 6, 1916, ACR (8006-18).
17. The Baltimore News, Feb. 19, 1920, RS 39, p. 41; Sun, Aug. 19, 1920, RS 40, p. 13; Baltimore News, Sept. 2, 1920, RS 40, p. 20; Inaugural Addresses, 1920-1935, pp. 3-7.
18. Baltimore-American, May 4, 1923, RS 9, p. 19.
19. Sun, January 5, 1922, RS 43, p. 7; ibid., March 20, 1921, p. 40.
20. Charles J. Rohr, The Governor of Maryland: A Constitutional Study (Baltimore, 1932), p. 127.
21. A.C. Ritchie to E. Brooke Lee, Aug. 24, 1921. ACR (f.d. 4 b).
22. Sun, April 6, 1921, RS 41, p. 69; undated copy of Ritchie's own itemized plan of reorganization, ACR (8055-13).
23. Sun, June 18, 1921, RS 41, p. 116; Nov. 9, 1922, RS 47, pp. 96-97; also see Griffenhagen & Associates, Ltd., "Report on the Organization and Administration of the State Government" (April 15, 1921), ACR (8070-4).
24. Evening Sun, Aug. 21, 1921, RS 42, p. 28; Sun, Nov. 9, 1922, RS 47, pp. 96-97.
25. A.C. Ritchie to Galen L. Tait, Republican State Central Committee Chairman, June 2, 1921, ACR (8055-13); G.L. Tait to A.C. Ritchie, June 31, 1921, ACR (8055-13); The Sun, Jan. 17, 1922, RS 43, p. 42.
26. Rohr, Governor of Maryland, p. 130; Baltimore News, Feb. 14, 1922, RS 44, p. 26; Baltimore-American, Feb. 15, 1922, RS 44, p. 31.
27. Evening Sun, Feb. 20, 1922, p. 70 and Feb. 21, 1922, RS 44, p. 74, Baltimore-American, Feb. 21, 1922, RS 44, pp. 64, 71.
28. Rohr, Governor of Maryland, pp. 130-131; Sun, Feb. 22, 1922, RS 44, p. 81. The nineteen departments became the Executive, Finance, Law, Education, the University of Maryland, Militia, Welfare, Charities, Health, Public Works, Motor Vehicles, Conservation, Public Utilities, Industrial Accident Commission, Labor and Statistics, Employment and Registration, Inspector of Tobacco, Board of Censors, and the Racing Commission. Ibid.
29. Sun, March 17, 1920, RS 39, p. 59; Evening Sun, Jan. 25, 1922, RS 43, p. 73. The constitutional amendments gave Baltimore City two additional Senators, and twelve more delegates to the General Assembly. Inaugural Address, 1920-1935, p. 28.
30. Baltimore News, Jan. 29, 1922, RS 43, p. 93.
31. Sun, Feb. 10, 1922, RS 44, p. 15; Baltimore American, Feb. 10, 1922, RS 44, p. 10.
32. Sun, Jan. 31, 1922, RS 43, p. 94; Nov. 9, 1922, RS 47, pp. 96-97; Feb. 4, 1922, RS 43, p. 125; March 30, 1922, p. 1; March 31, 1922, p. 1; April 14, 1922, p. 6; Evening Sun, Jan. 31, 1922, RS 43, p. 96.
33. A.C. Ritchie to Dr. J. Marshall Price, May 15, 1922, ACR (f.d. 15-a); Evening Sun, July 19, 1922, RS 46, p. 52.
34. Baltimore-American, July 20, 1922, RS 46, p. 57.
35. Sun, July 28, 1922, RS 46, p. 70; July 30, 1922, RS 66, p. 10; Joseph G. Rayback, A History of American Labor (New York, 1959), p. 309.
36. Sun, April 6, 1923, RS 48, p. 95.
37. Ibid., April 8, 1923, RS 48, p. 100.
38. Ibid., April 9, 1923, RS 48, p. 100.
39. Jackson (Dem.): 74, 124; William F. Broening (Rep.): 49, 919; Preston(Citizens): 39, 042. Ibid., May 9, 1923, RS 65, p. 13.
40. Evening Sun, May 10, 1923, RS 9, p. 45; Helldorfer, "Gubernatorial Career," pp. 23-36; Baltimore-American, Nov. 8, 1923, RS 50, p. 207; Sun, Dec. 30, 1923, RS 50, p. 328. Walter N. Kirkman thought that the bosses followed Ritchie, and not vice versa, because they always wanted to back a winner. Interview with Walter N. Kirkman, July 30, 1964.
41. Sun, Dec. 29, 1923, RS 50, p. 324; Jan. 3, 1924, RS 24, p. 11; Baltimore-American, Jan. 2, 1924, RS 24, p. 6.
42. Governor A.C. Ritchie, Maryland, Governor Ritchie, Message, 1922-1931 (Baltimore, 1922-1931), pp. 1-39.
43. Ibid., pp. 21-22.
44. Ibid., p. 22.
45. Ibid., p. 23; Sun, June 18, 1921, RS 41, p. 116; also see Griffenhagen, "Report . . . on the State Government," Part IV, vo. 1, pp. 174-205; James Petrie Rouleau, "The Governor of Maryland and Education, 1850-1950" (Unpublished Master's thesis, University of Maryland, 1951), pp. 76-77.
46. Evening Sun, Feb. 2, 1924, RS 45, p. 54.
47. A.C. Ritchie to Dr. D.C. R. Miller, Feb. 22, 1924, ACR (f.d. 15-a).
48. Ritchie, Message, 1922-1931, p. 39.
49. Interview with Walter N. Kirkman, July 30, 1964.
50. Evening Sun, Feb. 2, 1924, RS 45, p. 54; Sun, Feb. 13, 1924, RS 24, p. 154; A.C. Ritchie to David G. Mcintosh, Jr., President of the Maryland Senate, March 28, 1924, ACR (f.d. 15-a).
51. Evening Sun, Feb. 19, 1924, RS 24, p. 173; Feb. 21, 1924, RS 45, p. 3; Sun, March 19, 1924, RS 24, p. 274; Inaugural Addresses, 1920-1935, pp. 9-11.
52. Sun, March 26, 1924, RS 45, p. 25; March 28, 1924, RS 45, p. 37; The Baltimore News, March 28, 1924, RS 45, p. 32. The four bills were the Curran University of Maryland bill ($1,375,000), the Roe-Towers Boulevard bill ($375,000), the Salisbury Normal School bill ($300,000), and the Allendale Institute bill ($100,000). Sun, March 28, 1924, RS 45, p. 37.
53. Ibid., p. 36; ibid., March 29, 1924, p. 39 and April 1, 1924, RS 45, p. 51; The Evening Sun, March 29, 1924, RS 45, p. 37. The hospital appropriation came in the 1927 legislature after the Governor had ascertained that the public wanted it. Interview with Walter N. Kirkman, July 30, 1964.
54. Sun, Dec. 26, 1924, RS 11, p. 353; Helldorfer, "Gubernatorial Career," p. 33.
55. In 1923, the Susquehanna Power Company, a subsidiary of the Philadelphia Electric Company, bought land at Conowingo, Maryland. The Federal Power Commission, the Pennsylvania Public Service Commission, and the Maryland Public Service Commission all granted the companies permission to contract to build a dam and to secure permits for the sale and production of electric energy. This electric power was to be transmitted to the Pennsylvania line, and then to the Philadelphia Electric Comapny. Ibid., pp. 33-46.
56. A.C. Ritchie to Dr. Albert S. Cook, State Superintendent of Schools, Sept. 21, 1920, ACR (f.d. 6-b); A.C. Ritchie to Mrs. Edgar Brown, May 18, 1922, ACR (f.d. 112-b); Sun, May 5, 1920, p. 24; ibid., May 24, 1920, RS 39, p. 94.
57. Matthew Page Andrews, History of Maryland (Garden City, N.Y., 1929), p. 638; Inaugural Addresses, 1905-1923, pp. 317-318.
58. A.C. Ritchie to Dr. A. P. Herring, Nov. 20, 1920, ACR (f.d. 111-a); ibid., Jan. 27, 1921; A.C. Ritchie to Dr. Adolph Meyer, Feb. 2, 1921, ACR (f.d. 111-a); A.C. Ritchie to Dr. Lewellys F. Baker, Dec. 12, 1922, ACR (f.d. 26-c); A.C. Ritchie to E.P Duval, Dec. 14, 1926, ACR (f.d. 111-a); Inaugural Addresses, 1905-1923, pp. 322-323; ibid., 1920-1935, pp. 8-9.
59. Inaugural Addresses, 1905-1923, p. 325; A.C. Ritchie to E. Lee Lecompte, Dec. 28, 1920, ACR (f.d. 21-a); Sun, April 7, 1924, p. 20.
60. The habits of the crab were responsible for the disagreement. The male crab liked comparatively fresh waters with a grassy bottom in which to shed and grow fat; the waters were mostly in Maryland near Crisfield. However, the female preferred the sandy, salt-water section just inside the Capes to lay and hatch her eggs. It was here that Virginia crabbers made most of their money. Baltimore News, Feb. 17, 1922, RS 44, p. 40.
61. Inaugural Address, 1920-1935, p. 14.
62. Frank Freidel, Franklin D. Roosevelt: The Ordeal (Boston, 1954), p. 203.
63. Inaugural Addresses, 1920-1935, p. 14; Sun, March 26, 1924, RS 45, p. 23.
64. Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Crisis of the Old Order (Boston: 1957), p. 284.
65. Inaugural Address, 1924-1926, pp. 4-5.
66. Ibid,: Wilmington Every Evening, Feb. 19, 1925, RS 17, p. 20; A.C. Ritchie to U.S. Representative Edgar A. Brown (D-S.C.), Jan. 14, 1926, ACR (8002-6); A.C. Ritchie to Archibishop Michael Curley, Feb. 13, 1926, ACR (f.d. 13-a).
67. New York Times, Jan. 21, 1924, p. 23; ibid., March 8, 1926, p. 1.
68. Hamilton Owens, "Ritchie of the Free State," American Mercury, VII (March 1926), p. 284.
69. A.C. Ritchie to William A. Marburg, S.S. Nelligan, Waldo Newcomer, and Charles O'Donovan, Dec. 6, 1922, ACR (f.d. 24-b); Peter H. Odegard, Pressure Politics: The Story of the Anti-Saloon League (New York, 1928), p. 113; Sun, Sept. 2, 1919, p. 18.
70. New York Times, Dec. 19, 1922, p. 1; ibid., Nov. 11, 1923, p. 20; Evening Sun, April 4, 1923, RS 48, p. 93.
71. Sun, Oct. 21, 1923, p. 1.
72. A.C. Ritchie to Chandler P. Anderson, April 26, 1926, ACR (f.d. 24-c).
73. Evening Sun, Dec. 6, 1926, RS 29, p. 68.
74. New York Times, March 8, 1926, p. 1.
75. Frank R. Kent, The Democratic Party (New York, 1928), p. 448; Evening Sun, June 30, 1930, p. 1; Sun, July 2, 1920, p. 1; ibid., July 7, 1920, RS 39, p. 121.
76. Evening Sun, May 22, 1924, RS 45, p. 143; Sun, May 23, 1924; RS 45, p. 148.
77. New York Times, June 5, 1924, p. 3.
78. Ibid., June 25, 1924, p. 1.
79. Evening Sun, June 30, 1924, RS 45, p. 245; Sun, July 1, 1924, p. 6; July 5, 1924, p. 3; July 10, 1924, RS 13, p. 117.
80. Ibid.; ibid., July 7, 1924, p. 1; Oct. 30, 1924, RS 11, p. 203.
81. Ibid., Dec. 11, 1924, p. 5.
82. New York Times, Jan. 18, 1925, p. 3.
83. Ibid., March 8, 1926, p. 1; Sun, Nov. 27, 1926, p. 3.
84. Helldorfer, "Gubernatorial Career," pp. 47-72.
85. Schlesinger, Crisis of the Old Order, p. 285; Freidel, The Ordeal, p. 225; Evening Sun, Feb. 24, 1961, p. 22.
86. Helldorfer, "Gubernatorial Career," pp. 73-90.
87. Inaugural Addresses, 1924-1926, p. 6.
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