Forgotten Names: Brookville's Slaves
Over the course of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, almost all of the Quakers living in Brookeville and Sandy Spring freed, or manumitted, all of their slaves. But freedom was not immediate for every slave: Maryland law prohibited owners from freeing slaves who were too young or too old to take care of themselves. While Brookeville's Quakers allowed enslaved adults to go free immediately, they only made legal promises to free young girls and boys when they reached the age of eighteen and twenty-one, respectively. Because of this policy, slaves had a noticeable presence in Quaker Brookeville until as late as the 1830s.
Listed below are the names of some of the slaves who were part of Brookeville's community and history. Most of their names are known only because their Quaker owners chose to free them. Unfortunately, the fates of the following slaves and their still-nameless friends and relatives remain unknown. Click "Read More" to reveal the names, birthdates, and freedom information of over 100 slaves.
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Brookeville's Slaves (listed by owner)
Caleb Bentley
He owned two slaves, both of whom he manumitted in 1815.1
See Caleb
Bentley's biography.
Slaves
• Eliza (born c. 1798), free in 1815
• Esther (born c. February, 1815), free in 1831
Sources
1. MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 30 June 1815, Liber S-19, p.
265, Manumission, Caleb Bentley to Negroes Esther and Eliza [MSA CE
148-19].
Basil Brooke
He owned at least nineteen underage slaves. He
manumitted all nineteen of them in 1779.1
It is likely that Brooke owned and manumitted adult slaves as well.
Brooke still owned four
manumitted children at the time of his death in 1794.2
Slaves
• Myme (born c. 1762), free in 1780
• Alfee (born c. 1762), free in 1780
• Thomas (born c. 1764), free in 1785
• Moses (born c. 1766), free in 1787
• Moll (born c. 1769), free in 1787
• Nanny (born c. 1769), free in 1787
• Jerry (born c. 1773), free in 1794
• Tamar (born c. 1773), free in 1791
• Phebe (born c. 1775), free in 1793
• Priscilla (born c. 1775), free in 1793
• Sally (born c. 1778), free in 1796
• Nasey (born c. 1778), free in 1799
• Hercules (born c. 1730), free in 1779
• Fanny (born c. 1754), free in 1779
• Dido (born c. 1758), free in 1779
• Sal (born c. 1778), free in 1796
• Nace (born c. 1779), free in 1800
• Jack (born c. 1780), free in 1801
• Harry (born c. 1789), free in 1810
Sources
1. MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 15 March 1780, Liber A, p.
453, Manumission, Basil Brooke to Negroe Myme and others [MSA CE
148-1].
2. MONTGOMERY COUNTY REGISTER OF WILLS (Estate Record) Inventory of
Basil Brooke, 21 October 1794, Liber C transcript, p. 168-169 [MSA
C1138-4].
James Brooke
He was the founder of Sandy Spring Quaker meeting and he owned twenty-one slaves in the years shortly before his death in 1784.1 Brooke never manumitted his slaves and instead willed them to his children, Roger Brooke IV, Basil Brooke, Richard Brooke, and Elizabeth Brooke.2
↓ Read MoreSlaves
• Names unknown
Sources
1. SPECIAL COLLECTIONS (Brooke Collection) List of the properties
belonging to James Brooke, 1782 [MSA SC418-1-364, 00/09/03/25].
2. MONTGOMERY COUNTY REGISTER OF WILLS (Estate Record) Will of James
Brooke, 1784, Liber B, p. 160 [MSA C1138-2].
Mary Brooke
Mary Brooke, Richard
Thomas Jr.'s mother-in-law, owned seven
slaves in 1790. It is unknown if she ever manumitted any of her slaves,
whose names are not known.1
Slaves
• Names unknown
Sources
1. First Census of the United States, 1790, Population Schedule,
Montgomery County, Maryland, Roll 3, p. 44.
Roger Brooke IV
He inherited slaves from his father, James Brooke, in 1784. At his own death in 1790, Brooke owned eleven slaves.1 His heirs manumitted all eleven slaves shortly after his death.2
↓ Read MoreSlaves
• Sam (born c. 1750), free in 1790
• Rachel (born c. 1754), free in 1790
• Nancy (born c. 1780), free in 1790
• Nick (born April 20, 1779), free in 1800
• Sam (born August 9, 1781), free in 1802
• Jack (born September 20, 1785), free in 1806
• David (born June 11, 1787), free in 1808
• Charles (born April 23, 1789), free in 1810
• Billy (birth unknown), free in 1794
• Green (birth unknown), free in 1802
• Rainey (birth unknown), free in 1793
Sources
1. MONTGOMERY COUNTY REGISTER OF WILLS (Estate Record) Inventory of
Roger Brooke, 14 December 1790, Liber C transcript, p. 34-37 [MSA
C1138-4].
2. MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 30 November 1790, Liber D, p.
604, Manumission, Mary Brooke and others to Negro Nick and others [MSA
CE 148-4]; MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 30 November 1790,
Liber D, p. 605, Manumission, Mary Brooke and others to Negro Sam and
others [MSA CE 148-4].
Brice John Gassaway
Brookeville's non-Quaker storekeeper owned two slaves at the
time of his death. He never manumitted them.1
Read Brice
John Gassaway's biography.
Slaves
• Isaac (born c. 1761)
• Henry (born c. 1781)
Sources
1. MONTGOMERY COUNTY REGISTER OF WILLS (Estate Record) 4 May 1816,
Inventory of Brice John Gassaway, Liber I, p. 505-507 [MSA C1138-11].
Samuel Peach
He owned at least six slaves over the course of his life, all
of whom he manumitted on two occasions in 1784 and 1789.1
Slaves
• Flora (born c. 1746), free in 1784
• Charles (born January 14, 1771), free in 1792
• Nougo (born March 1, 1776), free in 1797
• Cesar (born April 10, 1780), free in 1801
• Peggy (born August 6, 1783), free in 1801
• Deborah (born October 1, 1771), free in 1792
Sources
1. MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 23 August 1784, Liber B, p.
259, Manumission, Samuel Peach to Negro Flora and others [MSA CE
148-2]; MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 10 July 1789, Liber D,
p. 230-231, Manumission, Samuel Peach to Negro Flora and others [MSA CE
148-4].
Thomas Pleasants
At his death in 1803, he owned a number of black children "bound by order of court to serve until they come to lawfull age," meaning that another person had already manumitted them. These enslaved children were divided among Pleasants' children, including Deborah Stabler, a Quaker who lived in Brookeville.1
↓ Read MoreSlaves
• Names unknown
Sources
1. MONTGOMERY COUNTY REGISTER OF WILLS (Estate Record) Will of Thomas
Pleasants, Liber E, p. 157 [MSA C1138-9].
Evan Thomas
He owned and manumitted six slaves in 1780.1
Slaves
• Samson (born c. 1733), free in 1780
• Lewis (born c. 1752), free in 1780
• John (born c. 1755), free in 1780
• Jenny (born c. 1734), free in 1780
• Nan (born c. 1759), free in 1780
• Jack (born c. 1767), free in 1788
Sources
1. MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 11 April 1780, Liber A, p.
481, Manumission, Evan Thomas to Negro Samson and others [MSA CE 148-1].
John Thomas
He manumitted twenty-seven slaves in 1779.1
Slaves
• John (born c. 1731), free in 1778
• George (born c. 1730), free in 1778
• Daniel (born c. 1732), free in 1778
• William (born c. 1752), free in 1778
• George (born c. 1754), free in 1778
• Robert (born c. 1757), free in 1778
• Dinah (born c. 1758), free in 1778
• Esther (born c. 1750), free in 1778
• Lyddia (born c. 1752), free in 1778
• Rachel (born c. 1756), free in 1778
• Betty (born c. 1751), free in 1778
• Margaret (born c. 1759), free in 1778
• Nelly (born c. 1761), free in 1778
• Monday (born c. 1765), free in 1783
• Thomas (born c. 1768), free in 1789
• John (born c. 1774), free in 1795
• Thomas (born c. 1774), free in 1795
• Ceasar (born c. 1767), free in 1788
• Benjamin (born c. 1776), free in 1797
• Kate (born c. 1764), free in 1782
• Briget (born c. 1768), free in 1786
• Jane (born c. 1770), free in 1788
• Susanna (born c. 1774), free in 1792
• Marsah (born c. 1776), free in 1794
• Deborah (born c. 1777), free in 1795
• Abigail (born c. 1777), free in 1795
• Deborah (born c. 1772), free in 1790
Sources
1. MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 20 March 1779, Liber A, p.
260-261, Manumission, John Thomas to Negro John and others [MSA CE
148-1].
Richard Thomas Sr.
Richard Thomas Sr. owned many slaves, at least sixty-one
according to an assessment of his property recorded in 1804.1
Thomas manumitted all of slaves at his death and forty-four of Thomas'
under-aged and elderly slaves were divided among members of the
Brookeville community.2
Read Richard
Thomas Sr.'s biography.
Slaves
• Billy (born c. 1787), free in 1810
• Florah (born c. 1797), free in 1815
• John (born c. 1799), free in 1820
• Peggy (born c. 1801), free in 1819
• Lucky (born c. 1797), free in 1815
• Edward (born c. 1805), free in 1826
• Beck (born c. 1803), free in 1821
• Sam (born c. 1804), free in 1825
• Betsey (born c. 1806), free in 1824
• Anna (born c. 1792), free in 1810
• Harriot (born c. 1797), free in 1815
• Richard (born c. 1799), free in 1820
• Rose (born c. 1801), free in 1819
• Viney (born c. 1793), free in 1811
• John (born c. 1800), free in 1821
• Nelly (born c. 1802), free in 1820
• Henry (born c. 1797), free in 1818
• Hester (born c. 1798), free in 1816
• Polly (born c. 1804), free in 1822
• David (born c. 1806), free in 1827
• Minty (born c. 1803), free in 1821
• Washington (born c. 1806), free in 1827
• David (born c. 1802), free in 1823
• Dorcas (born c. 1803), free in 1821
• Phoebe (born c. 1806), free in 1824
• Sally (born c. 1797), free in 1815
• Charles (born c. 1803), free in 1824
• Cloe (born c. 1805), free in 1823
• Betsey (born c. 1801), free in 1819
• Allice (born c. 1802), free in 1820
• Frank (born c. 1804), free in 1825
• Jerry (born c. 1806), free in 1827
• Joe (born c. 1799), free in 1820
• Isaac (born c. 1801), free in 1822
• Debby (born c. 1803), free in 1821
• Hannah (born c. 1805), free in 1823
• Great Will (born c. 1731), too old to be freed
• Sook (born c. 1735), too old to be freed
• Cesar (born c. 1737), too old to be freed
• Nanny (born c. 1739), too old to be freed
• Cloe (born c. 1740), too old to be freed
• Will Smith (born c. 1741), too old to be freed
• Pegg (born c. 1742), too old to be freed
• Jim (born c. 1759), too old to be freed
Sources
1. MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMISIONERS OF THE TAX (Assessment Record),
1798-1812, Personal property of Richard Thomas Sr., Assessment for the
year 1804 [MSA C1110-2].
2. MONTGOMERY COUNTY REGISTER OF WILLS (Estate Record) "List of the
Young Negroes belonging to the Estate of Richard Thomas deceased as
divided among the representatives agreeably to the appointment in
1807," Liber L, p. 245 [MSA C1138-10].
Samuel Thomas
He owned twenty-three slaves. Thomas manumitted at least ten
of his slaves on two occasions in 1800 and 1815.1
Slaves
• William (born c. 1775), free in 1803
• Flora (born November 1, 1806), free in 1822
• Lloyd (born c. 1798), free in 1819
• Pompey (born c. 1809), free in 1830
• James (born c. 1813), free in 1834
• Hagar (born c. 1784), free in 1815
• Ann (born c. 1811), free in 1827
• Sarah (born May 23, 1799), free in 1815
• Mary (born May 5, 1803), free in 1819
• Caroline (born c. 1813), free in 1829
Sources
1. MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 30 May 1800, Liber I, p.
188-189, Manumission, Samuel Thomas to Negro Florah and others [MSA CE
148-10]; MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 17 July 1815, Liber
S-19, p. 266, Manumission, Samuel Thomas to Negro Lloyd and others [MSA
CE 148-19].
Sarah Thomas
She owned at least five slaves, all of whom she manumitted in 1800.1
↓ Read MoreSlaves
• Venus (born c. 1776), free in 1800
• Harry (born c. 1785), free in 1806
• Milly (born c. 1796), free in 1814
• Joshua (born c. 1798), free in 1819
• Hannah (born c. August, 1799), free in 1817
Sources
1. MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 30 May 1800, Liber I, p. 188,
Manumission, Sarah Thomas to Negro Venus [MSA CE 148-10].
Isaiah Boone
He owned only one slave, whom he manumitted in 1778.1
Slaves
• Jerry (born November 6, 1765), free in 1786
Sources
1. MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 1 August 1778, Liber A,
p.152, Manumission, Isaiah Boone to Negro Jerry [MSA CE 148-1].
Gerard Brooke
He owned at least eight slaves. He manumitted six
of them in 1794 and one in 1815.1
Brooke also inherited one slave from Richard
Thomas Sr.2
See Gerard
Brooke's biography.
Slaves
• Young (born c. 1773), free in 1794
• Richard (born c. 1776), free in 1797
• Edward (born c. 1776), free in 1797
• Nancy (born c. 1776), free in 1794
• Basil (born c. 1783), free in 1804
• Moll (born c. 1783), free in 1801
• Nace (born c. 1796), free in 1817
From Richard Thomas Sr.:
• Sook (born c. 1735), too old to be freed
Sources
1. MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 9 December 1794, Liber F-6,
p. 89, Manumission, Gerard Brooke to Negro Young and others [MSA CE
148-6]; MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 6 May 1815, Liber S-19,
p. 265, Manumission, Gerard Brooke to Negro Nace [MSA CE 148-19].
2. MONTGOMERY COUNTY REGISTER OF WILLS (Estate Record) "List of the
Young Negroes belonging to the Estate of Richard Thomas deceased as
divided among the representatives," Liber L, p. 245 [MSA C1138-10].
Margaret Brooke
She owned only one slave, whom she purchased from fellow
Friend Samuel Thomas. Brooke manumitted her only slave in 1815.1
See Margaret
Brooke's biography.
Slaves
• Flora (born November 1, 1806), free in 1822
Sources
1. MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 4 March 1815, Liber S-19, p.
156-157, Manumission, Margaret Brooke to Negro Flora [MSA CE 148-19].
Richard Brooke
By the time of his own death in 1788, Richard Brooke owned twenty-one
slaves. Richard bequeathed all of his slaves to his daughter
Anne, the wife of William
Hammond Dorsey.1
It is unknown if the Dorsey family ever freed their slaves.
Se Richard
Brooke's biography.
Slaves
• Annapolis (born c. 1736)
• Ive (born c. 1753)
• Tom (born c. 1762)
• Billy (born c. 1773)
• Harry (born c. 1776)
• Sam (born c. 1778)
• William (born c. 1781)
• Jack (born c. 1785)
• Dennis (born c. 1787)
• Lewis (born c. 1788)
• Nell (very old)
• Milly (old)
• Lest (born c. 1753)
• Priss (born c. 1753)
• Bett (born c. 1764)
• Sylvia (born c. 1770)
• Flora (born c. 1774)
• Poll (born c. 1776)
• Hannah (born c. 1778)
• Milley (born c. 1779)
• Lydia (born c. 1784)
Sources
1. MONTGOMERY COUNTY REGISTER OF WILLS (Estate Record) Inventory of
Richard Brooke, 12 October 1788, Liber B, p. 380-383 [MSA C1138-2].
Samuel Brooke
He owned at least one slave whom he manumitted in 1803.1
Slaves
• Sally (born November 20, 1795), free in 1803
Sources
1. MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 4 May 1805, Liber K, p. 479,
Manumission, Samuel Brooke to Negro Sally [MSA CE 148-11].
Bernard Gilpin
He owned at least fifteen slaves, some of whom he
inherited from Richard
Thomas Sr.1
Gilpin manumitted some of his slaves on three occasions: 1809, 1813,
and 1815.2
Slaves
• Rezin (born c. March, 1788), free in 1809
• Caty (born c. 1795), free in 1813
• Lucy (born c. 1798), free in 1816
• Harry (born c. c. 1796), free in 1817
• John or Jack (born March 1, 1800), free in 1821
• Caleb (born c. August, 1810), free in 1831
• Lucy (born c. 1798), free in 1815
• Eliza (born c. 1809), free in 1825
• Louiza (born c. 1810), free in 1826
From Richard Thomas Sr.:
• Cloe (born c. 1740), too old to be freed
• Sally (born c. 1797), free in 1815
• Beck (born c. 1803), free in 1821
• Sam (born c. 1804), free in 1825
• Betsey (born c. 1806), free in 1824
• Anna (born c. 1792), free in 1810
Sources
1. MONTGOMERY COUNTY REGISTER OF WILLS (Estate Record) "List of the
Young Negroes belonging to the Estate of Richard Thomas deceased as
divided among the representatives agreeably to the appointment in
1807," Liber L, p. 245 [MSA C1138-10].
2. MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 29 July 1809, Liber O, p.
308-309, Manumission, Bernard Gilpin to Negro Rezin [MSA CE 148-15];
MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 30 March 1813, Liber Q,
p.295-296, Manumission, Bernard Gilpin to Negro Caty and others [MSA CE
148-15];
MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 31 July 1815, Liber S-19, p.
274-275, Manumission, Bernard Gilpin to Negro Lucy and others [MSA CE
148-19].
James Pleasants
Husband of Deborah Brooke Pleasants, he owned at least two slaves whose names are unknown in 1820. It is unknown if Pleasants ever manumitted them.1
↓ Read MoreSlaves
• Names unknown
Sources
1. Fourth Census of the United States, 1820,
Population Schedule, Montgomery County, Maryland Roll 44, image 137.
Thomas P. Stabler
He owned at least four slaves over the course of his life, all
of whom he manumitted on three occasions in 1816, 1825, and 1832.1
Slaves
• Betsey (born c. 1801), free in 1817
• Alla (born c. 1802), free in 1818
• Thomas Waters (born September 25, 1807), free in
1828
• Philip Hamilton (born c. 1790), free in 1831
Sources
1. MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 13 July 1816, Liber S-19, p.
138, Manumission, Thomas P. Stabler to Negroes Betsy and Alla [MSA CE
148-21];
MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 3 March 1824, Liber X, p. 568,
Manumission, Thomas P. Stabler to Thomas Waters [MSA CE 148-25];
MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 21 December 1831, Liber BS 4, p.
553, Manumission, Thomas P. Stabler to Philip Hamilton [MSA CE 148-30].
Henrietta Thomas (Bentley)
She owned six slaves prior to her marriage to Brookeville
resident Caleb
Bentley. She manumitted her slaves in 1801.1
Read Henrietta
Thomas Bentley's biography.
Slaves
• Janny (born c. 1776), free in 1801
• Nanny (born c. 1781), free in 1801
• Andrew (born c. 1797), free in 1818
• Isaac (born c. 1800), free in 1821
• Jerricum (born c. December, 1800), free in 1821
• Mary (born c. 1799), free in 1817
Sources
1. MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 18 February 1801, Liber I,
p.363, Manumission, Henrietta Thomas to Negro Janny and others [MSA CE
148-10].
John Thomas Sr.
He owned as many as ten slaves, all of whom he manumitted in 1815.1
↓ Read MoreSlaves
• Poll (born c. 1794), free in 1815
• John (born c. 1796), free in 1817
• Thomas (born c. 1798), free in 1819
• Hariat (born c. 1801), free in 1817
• Anna (born c. 1803), free in 1819
• William (born c. 1805), free in 1826
• Rachel (born c. 1807), free in 1823
• Nancy (born c. 1810), free in 1826
• Mary (born c. 1812), free in 1828
• William (born c. 1814), free in 1835
Sources
1. MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 21 July 1815, Liber S-19,
p.422, Manumission, John Thomas Sr. to Negro Polly and others [MSA CE
148-19].
Richard Thomas Jr.
Richard Thomas Jr. owned at least twenty-foud slaves, some of
whom he inherited from his father, Richard
Thomas Sr.1
He manumitted all of his own slaves in 1791.2
Read Richard
Thomas Jr.'s biography.
Slaves
• Bet (born c. 1761), free in 1791
• Fanny (born c. 1770), free in 1791
• Rachel (born c. 1767), free in 1791
• Milley (born c. 1772), free in 1791
• Abraham (born c. 1773), free in 1794
• Priscilla (born c. 1781), free in 1799
• Anna (born c. 1781), free in 1799
• Aseneth (born c. 1781), free in 1799
• Jack (born January 10, 1784), free in 1805
• Tom (born February 29, 1784), free in 1805
• Charles (born July 20, 1790), free in 1811
• Jacob (born January 10, 1787), free in 1808
• Peg (born October 15, 1787), free in 1805
• George (July 20, 1789), free in 1810
• Ben (born September 20, 1789), free in 1810
• Delilah (born c. September, 1791), free in 1809
• Nancy (born c. November, 1791), free in 1809
From Richard Thomas Sr.:
• Peggy (born c. 1801), free in 1819
• Joe (born c. 1799), free in 1820
• Isaac (born c. 1801), free in 1822
• Debby (born c. 1803), free in 1821
• Hannah (born c. 1805), free in 1823
• Will Smith (born c. 1741), too old to be freed
• Nanny (born c. 1739), too old to be freed
Sources
1. MONTGOMERY COUNTY REGISTER OF WILLS (Estate Record) "List of the
Young Negroes belonging to the Estate of Richard Thomas deceased as
divided among the representatives agreeably to the appointment in
1807," Liber L, p. 245 [MSA C1138-10].
2. MONTGOMERY COUNTY COURT (Land Records) 30 April 1792, Liber E, p.
74, Manumission, Richard Thomas Jr. to Negro Abraham and others [MSA CE
148-5].
Samuel Thomas III
He owned at least twenty-nine slaves, some of whom he inherited from Richard Thomas Sr.1 It does not appear that he ever manumitted any of his slaves.2
↓ Read MoreSlaves
• Hannah (born c. 1750)
• Little Cate (born c. 1764)
• Cyrus (born c. 1768)
• Venus (born c. 1772)
• Nan (born c. 1779)
• Harry (born c. 1783)
• Peggy (born c. 1791)
• Anna (born c. 1792)
• Andrew (born c. 1795)
• G. Cate (born c. 1758)
• Rachel (born c. 1770)
• Billy (born c. 1773)
• Jenny (born c. 1774)
• Jino (born c. 1781)
• Isaac (born c. 1788)
• Flora (born c. 1791)
• Milly (born c. 1794)
• Sarah (born c. 1796)
From Richard Thomas Sr.:
• Charles (born c. 1803), free in 1824
• Cloe (born c. 1805), free in 1823
• Betsey (born c. 1801), free in 1819
• Allice (born c. 1802), free in 1820
• Frank (born c. 1804), free in 1825
• Jerry (born c. 1806), free in 1827
• Henry (born c. 1797), free in 1818
• Hester (born c. 1798), free in 1816
• Polly (born c. 1804), free in 1822
• David (born c. 1806), free in 1827
• John (born c. 1800), free in 1821
Source
1. MONTGOMERY COUNTY REGISTER OF WILLS (Estate Record) "List of Young
Negroes belonging to the Estate of Richard Thomas deceased as divided
among the representatives agreeably to the appointment in 1807," Liber
I, p. 245 [MSA C1138-10].
2. MONTGOMERY COUNTY REGISTER OF WILLS (Estate Record) Inventory of
Samuel Thomas III, 21 November 1796, Liber C transcript, p. 331-333
[MSA C1138-4].