MAP #: 287J5
CARTOGRAPHER : JEFFERSON, THOMAS
DATE: 1787
SHORT TITLE : A MAP OF THE COUNTRY BETWEEN ALBEMARLE SOUND, AND LAKE ERIE,
REMAINING TITLE & ID : COMPREHENDING THE WHOLE OF VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, DELAWARE AND PENSYLVANIA, WITH PARTS OF SEVERAL OTHER OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. ENGRAVED FOR THE NOTES ON VIRGINIA. (CARTOUCHE, UPPER RIGHT CORNER). "THE COUNTRY ON THE EASTERN SIDE OF THE ALLEGANEY MOUNTAINS IS TAKEN FROM FRY AND JEFFERSON'S MAP OF VIRGINIA, AND SCULL'S MAP OF PENNSYLVANIA, WHICH WERE CONSTRUCTED CHIEFLY ON ACTUAL SURVEY; THAT ON THE WESTERN SIDE OF THE ALLEGANEY, IS TAKEN FROM HUTCHINS, WHO WENT OVER THE PRINCIPAL WATER COURSES WITH A COMPASS AND A LOGLINE, CORRECTING HIS WORK BY OBSERVATIONS OF LATITUDE: ADDITIONS HAVE BEEN MADE, WHERE THEY COULD BE MADE ON SURE GROUND." (INSIDE CARTOUCHE, BELOW TITLE). "ENGRAVED BY S.J. NEELE No. 352 STRAND LONDON." (RIGHT LOWER MARGIN). TWO SCALES (LOWER RIGHT CORNER- ONE GEOGRAPHICAL MILES 60 TO A DEGREE. ONE AMERICAN MILES 69 1/2 TO A DEGREE). LONGITUDE FROM PHILADELPHIA (TOP AND BOTTOM BORDERS). LATITUDE (RIGHT AND LEFT BORDERS).
WHILE THE MAP WAS NOT BASED ON AN ORIGINAL SURVEY, IT WAS FORMED FROM CARTOGRAPHICAL WORKS AVAILABLE TO HIM, SUPPLEMENTED BY INFORMATION GATHERED FROM OTHER PRIMARY SOURCES. JEFFERSON HAD NO PRIOR TRAINING IN MAP MAKING. FOR THE PENNSYLVANIA PORTION OF THE MAP, WILLIAM SCULL'S MAP, PUBLISHED IN 1770 WAS THE SOURCE. VIRGINIA WAS FROM THE FRY AND JEFFERSON MAP AUGMENTED IN THE WEST BY THE MORE RECENT SURVEY OF THOMAS HUTCHINS IN 1778. THE MOUZON MAP OF CAROLINA WAS USED FOR THE LITTLE PART OF THAT STATE INCLUDED. THE LEWIS EVANS MAP OF THE BRITISH COLONIES WAS USED AS A CHECK. THE DELMARVA PENINSULA WAS FROM THE CHURCHMAN MAP. JOHN PAGE PROVIDED OBSERVATIONS OF LONGITUDE AND DISTANCES FOR THE WESTERN PA-VA LINE. FRANCIS HOPKINSON SUPPLIED OBSEVATIONS ON THE WESTERN BOUNDARY OF PENNSYLVANIA.
THOMAS JEFFERSON WAS THE DRAUGHTSMAN. SAMUEL NEELE (1758-1824) OF LONDON ENGRAVED THE MAP. GUILLAUME-NICOLA DELAHAYE IN PARIS MADE CORRECTIONS IN THE PROOF, AS DID JEFFERSON. DELAHAYE WAS THE PRINTER FOR STATE 1, IMPRESSION 1. THE COLORING WAS DONE BY FROULLE. THE MAPS WERE SOLD BY RIVINGTON IN NY, A. DONALD & AUGUSTINE DAVIS IN RICHMOND. BARROIS WAS THE PUBLISHER OF STATE 1. JOHN STOCKDALE WAS THE PUBLISHER OF STATE 2, IMPRESSION 1. MR COX WAS HIS PRINTER. ABBE MORELLET WAS THE PUBLISHER OF STATE 2, IMPRESSION 2.
WHEN THE ORIGINAL COPPERPLATE ENGRAVING BY NEELE WAS SENT TO HIM, JEFFERSON CORRECTED OR HAD CORRECTED 235 ERRORS IN THE ENGRAVING IN AN EFFORT TO PUT OUT AS CORRECT AND ERROR FREE A MAP AS WAS POSSIBLE AT THE TIME.
DATA IS FROM COOLIE VERNER'S STUDY IN IMAGO MUNDI XIV, PP. 96-108.
EDITION & STATE INFO : THERE WAS ONLY A SINGLE EDITION OF THE MAP, BUT IT WAS ISSUED IN TWO STATES, WITH AN IMPRINT ADDITION. A TOTAL OF 5 IMPRESSIONS WERE MADE, THREE OF STATE 1 AND TWO OF STATE 2. FOR A DETAILED EXPLANATION OF THE DIFFERENT IMPRESSIONS, SEE VERNER'S ARTICLE IN IMAGO MUNDI XIV, PP. 107-8.IN ADDITION, 19 PROOF COPIES WERE MADE. STATE 1, IMPRESSIONS 1 & 2 WERE IN OUTLINE COLORING AS WAS STATE 2, IMPRESSION 1. STATE 1 IMPRESSION 3 WAS UNCOLORED AS WAS STATE 2, IMPRESSION 2. THE OUTLINE COLORING WAS AS FOLLOWS: VA- GREEN, NJ- BLUE, NC- YELLOW, MD- BLUE, PA- YELLOW, NY- GREEN, DEL- GREEN, WESTERN TERRITORY- RED.
STATE 1-(1787)- MAP AS DESCRIBED. TITLE AS GIVEN, NO IMPRINT.
IMPRESSION 1- PRINTER WAS DELAHAYE, SINGLE SHEET, 120 LB PAPER. SOME 250 COPIES WERE PRINTED. NO COPIES HAVE BEEN LOCATED.
IMPRESSION 2- PRINTER WAS UNKNOWN FOR BARROIS FOR USE IN NOTES ON THE STATE OF VIRGINIA. TWO LIGHTWEIGHT SHEETS WERE JOINED AND USED FOR PAPER. THE WATERMARK WAS IHS AND CROSS CIRCLED BY CHAIN. THE COUNTERMARK WAS T(HEART) RICHARD/AUVERGNE/MOIEN. SOME 200 COPIES WERE PRINTED.
IMPRESSION 3- THE PRINTER WAS UNKNOWN FOR BARROIS/ MORELLET FOR USE IN OBSERVATIONS SUR LA VIRGINIE, PARIS,1786. SAME WATERMARK AS IMPRESSION 2.
STATE 2-(1787)- THE IMPRINT "PUBLISHED AS THE ACT DIRECTS JULY 13 1787 BY JOHN STOCKDALE IN PICCADILLY, LONDON" WAS ADDED IN THE LOWER LEFT CORNER BELOW THE OUTSIDE BORDER.
IMPRESSION 1- THE PRINTER WAS MR. COX FOR JOHN STOCKDALE. THE PAPER WAS SINGLE SHEET LIGHT WEIGHT PAPER WITH NO WATERMARKS. SOME 1025 COPIES WERE STRUCK AND IT WAS INCLUDED WITH NOTES ON THE STATE OF VIRGINIA, LONDON, 1787.
IMPRESSION 2- THIS IMPRESSION WAS USED IN LATE GATHERED COPIES OF OBSERVATIONS SUR LA VIRGINIE, PARIS, 1786. THE IMPRESSION WAS MADE IN 1788. THE PRINTER IS UNKNOWN FOR MORELLET. THE PAPER AND WATERMARK ARE UNKNOWN. SOME 300(?) COPIES WERE BELIEVED PRINTED. SEE MAP # 287J6.
DATA IS FROM COOLIE VERNER'S STUDY.
HFC OWNERSHIP DATA : HFC HAS A COPY OF STATE 1 ON HEAVY PAPER WITH SOMEWHAT CRUDE OUTLINE COLORING, WITH SEVERAL SMALL HOLES ALONG THE CENTER FOLD. THE OUTLINE COLORING IS AS GIVEN BY VERNER, EXCEPT THAT YELLOW HAS BEEN ADDED IN THE MOUNTAIN AREAS. THE WATERMARK IS NOT EASILY LEGIBLE, BUT ONE MARK IS ON FOUR LINES WITH THE FOLLOWING LEGIBLE: "IN DE/ AM???/AUVERGNE/1782". THE OTHER MARK APPEARS TO BE FEATHERS IN AN UNUSUAL AND INDISTINCT PATTERN. WE DO NOT KNOW EXACTLY WHICH IMPRESSION OF STATE 1 IT IS, BUT IT DOES NOT CONFORM TO VERNER'S DESCRIPTION OF IMPRESSIONS 2 OR 3 BECAUSE OF THE PAPER THICKNESS AND WATERMARK. VERNER WAS UNABLE TO LOCATE A COPY OF IMPRESSION 1, WHICH THIS MAY BE. A TOTAL OF 250 WERE ORIGINALLY PRINTED. HFC ALSO HAS AN EXCELLENT FRAMED COPY OF STATE 2, IMPRESSION 1. IT HAS NO WATERMARK AND THE PAPER IS SINGLE SHEET, LIGHT WEIGHT. THIS IMPRESSION WAS PRINTED FOR JOHN STOCKDALE IN LONDON BY MR. COX. IT HAS AN HFC ACQ. # OF N022-EG1 AND A MDHR # OF G1399-196.
BIBLIGRAPHICAL REFS. : VERNER, COOLIE, "MR JEFFERSON MAKE A MAP", IMAGO MUNDI XIV, AMSTERDAM,1970, PP. 96-108; VERNER, COOLIE, MR JEFFERSON DISTRIBUTES HIS NOTES, N.Y., 1952; BOYD, JULIAN P., THE PAPERS OF THOMAS JEFFERSON, PRINCETON, 1950-55; PHILLIPS, P.L., A LIST OF MAPS OF AMERICA, P. 984; STREETER, CATALOG OF AMERICANA, VOL. III, P. 1303-4.
March 23, 1988
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