1934 Catalogue of State House paintings

CATALOGUE
OF THE
PAINTINGS IN THE STATE HOUSE
AT
ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND

state seal

Published and distributed by order of
Governor Albert C. Ritchie
1934

[This is a transription of the 1934 catalogue; editorial notes are in parentheses]

During the summer of 1933, it was brought to Governor Ritchie's attention that some of the paintings in the State House were in need of restoration; and shortly afterward a group of these paintings, including the important portrait of "General Washington, General Lafayette, and Colonel Tench Tilghman at Yorktown," that of Charles Carroll of Carrollton and six smaller Peale portraits were sent to an expert museum restorer to be cleaned and repaired.

When the pictures were returned and rehung, the Governor had every right to be proud of them. A group of us were standing in front of the large Washington portrait, admiring its newly retrieved color and composition, when Governor Ritchie suggested to me that it might be very much worthwhile to compile a list of the paintings in the State House, which would inform visitors about them. Acting upon that suggestion, it has been my privilege to prepare this brief catalogue and guide.

Adelyn Dohme Breeskin (Baltimore Museum of Art)
November 26, 1934

CATALOGUE OF THE PAINTINGS IN THE STATE
HOUSE AT ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND

Entering the State House by the east door -- the main entrance of the original building -- on the left, above the doorway leading to the State Geographical Exhibition room, hangs a portrait of:
1. SAMUEL CHASE, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court

Painted by John B. Bordley
Samuel Chase, American jurist and signer of the Declaration of Independence, was born in Somerset County, Maryland, April 17, 1741, and died June 19, 1811. He was associate justice of the Supreme Court in 1796, was impeached in 1804, and was acquitted in 1805. This portrait was painted under resolution of the Maryland Legislature, 1834.

Directly opposite, and above the doorway leading to the old Senate Chamber, hangs a large portrait of:
2. CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON

Painted by Thomas Sully, signed at lower left, "T S, 1834"
Charles Carroll was born in Annapolis, September 20, 1737, and died in Baltimore, 1832. He was a signer of the Declaration of Independence and was United States Senator from Maryland, 1789-1792. Since he died in 1832, this portrait was not painted from life. It was done by order of the State and deposited in the Senate Chamber of the State House at Annapolis.

Passing through the doorway into the beautiful old Senate Chamber we find, hanging over the fireplace, a portrait of:
3. GENERAL WASHINGTON, GENERAL LAFAYETTE, AND COLONEL TENCH TILGHMAN AT YORKTOWN

Painted by Charles Willson Peale, signed at lower left -- "C. Willson Peale, 1784."
Generals Washington and Lafayette, and Colonel Tilghman stand on an elevation, overlooking the entrenchments. They are receiving a salute from a body of allied troops passing in review, as indicated by the colors which are being dipped. The flag to the left is the royal Bourbon flag of France, with a white field and fleurs-de-lis. The flag to the right is a regimental standard -- red and white stripes, with a blue field, on which is painted an American eagle. The soldiers in white uniforms are of a royal French regiment, while those in the dark uniforms are of the Continental army. Colonel Tilghman, aide-de-camp to Washington, stands to the extreme right and holds in his hand the Yorktown Articles of Capitulation. It was Tilghman who was chosen by the Commander-in-Chief to carry the news of the surrender of Cornwallis to the Continental Congress, then meeting in Independence Hall, Philadelphia. Washington said of him, "He left as fair a reputation as ever belonged to a human character." This painting was done from life, by order of the Assembly of the State of Maryland. It is considered one of the finest portraits painted of Washington, and is known as "The Annapolis Portrait."

Upon entering the Old Senate Retiring Room we first encounter, to the left of the door, a posthumous portrait of:
4. FRANCIS SCOTT KEY, (1789-1843.) Author of "The Star Spangled Banner."

Painted by Katharine Walton in 1909.

The adjourning portrait is of:
5. JAMES RYDER RANDALL, (1839-1908.) Author of "Maryland, My Maryland."

Painted by Katharine Walton in 1909.

On the south wall, to the right of the door, there hangs a large allegorical portrait of:
6. WILLIAM PITT, EARL OF CHATHAM

Painted by Charles Willson Peale.
Peale painted this and another portrait of the same subject when he was in London, between 1767 and 1770. The head was inspired by busts and statues of Pitt, by Joseph Wilton. A resident of London at the time Peale's portrait was painted says it is "much like him, though different from the common prints." In his manuscript Peale describes his allegory as follows "Mr. Pitt is here represented in Roman dress, in the action of an orator, extending his right arm and pointing to the figure of Liberty, and holding a scroll in his left hand on which is written 'Magna Charta'; before him an altar with a civic crown on it and a flame rising, designates his zeal in the cause of liberty. The altar is ornamented with the busts of Hampton and Sidney, and wreathes of oak leaves embrace them. In the background is a piece of elegant architecture, Whitehall, in front of which King Charles I was beheaded." William Pitt, the great English statesman, championed the cause of the Americans and his speeches in their behalf are celebrated. The other painting is in the Westmorland County Court House, Montross, Virginia."

Adjoining the Peale, on the west wall, is a historical painting of:
7. THE PLANTING OF THE COLONY OF MARYLAND (St. Clements Island, March, 1634)

Painted by Frank B. Mayer in 1893.

The fifth painting hung in this room is:
8. THE BURNING OF THE PEGGY STUART at Annapolis, October 10, 1774.

Painted by Frank B. Mayer in 1896.

Inner Office
In this room, which opens off the Old Senate Retiring Room, there are three portraits. All are on the east wall, to the right of the door. The first is of:
9. THE HONORABLE MATTHEW TILGHMAN, patriarch of the colony of Maryland.

Painted by Katharine Walton, after an unknown original.
Matthew Tilghman was President of the Assembly of Freemen, 1774-1776, President of the Constitutional Convention, 1774-1775, and Chairman of the Maryland Delegation to the Continental Congress, 1776.

The second is a portrait of:
10. JOHN ARCHER, M.D., 1741-1810.

Painter - unknown.
John Archer was the recipient in 1768, from the College of Medicine in Philadelphia, of the first medical diploma given by any American Medical College. He was a member of the Revolutionary Committee, 1774-1776, a major in the local battalion, 1776, a member of the State Constitutional Convention, 1776, and a member of the U.S. Congress, 1800-1804. A similar portrait of him is in the Medical and Chirugical Building in Baltimore.

Next to the window hangs a portrait of:
11. ANDREW JACKSON, President of the United States, 1829-1837.

Painter - unknown.

Re-entering the main corridor, we see two large portraits, the first of which is hung over the doorway of the Senate Retiring Room. It is a full length portrait of:
12. WILLIAM PACA, Third Governor of Maryland, 1782-1785.

Painted by John B. Bordley, in 1834.
William Paca was born in 1740 and died in 1799. He was a delegate to the Continental Congress, 1774-1779, and third Governor of the State of Maryland, 1782-1785. This portrait, and those of Chase and Stone, were authorized by a resolution of the General Assembly of 1834.

Across the hall hangs, as companion portrait, a painting of:
13. THOMAS STONE

Painted by John B. Bordley
Thomas Stone, signer of the Declaration of Independence, was born in Charles County, Maryland, October, 1743, and died in Alexandria, Virginia, in 1787. He was a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1774, 1775-1779 and 1784-1785. This portrait was painted in 1855.

Chamber of Delegates
There are seven paintings, all portraits, hanging on the walls of this chamber. On the west wall, near the rear of the room, there is a portrait of:
14. JAMES ALFRED PEARCE, U.S. Senator from Maryland, 1843-1862 and Judge of Court of Appeals.

Painted by Thomas C. Corner, in 1907.
It was presented to the State by Mr. Pearce's son.

Also on the west wall is a portrait of:
15. ARTHUR PUE GORMAN, U.S. Senator from Maryland, 1881-1889; 1903-1906.

Painted by George Dieterich, 1895. (Louis Dieterich 1841-1922)

On the south wall, to the right of the Speaker's desk, is a portrait of:
16. MARY E.W. RISTEAU, the first woman to be elected a member of the House of Delegates of Maryland in 1922; she also now has the distinction of being the first woman State Senator, elected in 1934.

Painted by Underwood E. Haderwood.

To the left is a portrait of:
17. FRANCIS THOMAS, twenty-ninth Governor of Maryland, 1842-1845.

Painted by Franklin Barber Clark, 1921.
This painting was presented to the State by the niece of Governor Thomas, Jane W. Blackborn Moran.

The painting on the east wall, near the front of the room, is a portrait of:
18. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, the discoverer of America.

Painted by Irving Ward, 1920, after the original by Achile Canessa.

Hanging next to it is a portrait of:
19. MAJOR-GENERAL ROBERT ALEXANDER, Commander of the 77th Division of the A.E.F. during the World War.

Painted by Jassa Salganik.

The third portrait on this wall is of:
20. ISIDOR RAYNER, U.S. Senator from Maryland, 1905-1912, Attorney-General, 1900-1904.

Painted by George Dieterich. (Louis Dieterich 1841-1922)

The Senate Chamber
Ten portraits hang upon the walls of this chamber. The first, to the right of the door leading in from the main corridor, is of:
21. GEORGE HAWKINS WILLIAMS, President of the State Senate, 1882-1884.

Painter - unknown.

Next to this, also on the south wall, hangs a portrait of:
22. HON. PETER J. CAMPBELL, President of the State Senate, 1916-1920.

Painted by Paul Hallwig, in 1922.

Continuing toward the front of the room, along the east wall, the first portrait is of:
23. THOMAS JOHNSON, the nominator of George Washington to the position of Commander-in-Chief of the American Army. This action was performed at the Continental Congress. He was the first State Governor of Maryland, 1777-1779.

Painted by R.G. Clark, after the original by Charles Willson Peale.
Presented to the State of Maryland by the Maryland State Society and the Daughters of the American Revolution, 1922.

The adjoining painting is a portrait of:
24. JOHN WALTER SMITH, forty-seventh Governor of Maryland, 1900-1904, and U.S. Senator, 1908-1921.

Painted by Thomas C. Corner.

Next, and toward the front of the room, hangs a portrait of:
25. SPENCER C. JONES, President of the State Senate, 1904-1906; Author of Acts for State House Improvements.

Painted by George Dieterich. (Louis Dieterich 1841-1922)

Crossing in front of the room, the first painting on the west wall is a portrait of:
26. JOSEPH B. SETH, President of the State Senate, 1906-1910.

Painted by George Dieterich. (Louis Dieterich 1841-1922)

The portrait hung in the center of this wall is of:
27. EDWIN WARFIELD, forty-eighth Governor of Mayrland, 1904-1908.

Painted by Thomas C. Corner.

Next to it hangs a portrait of:
28. ELIHU EMORY JACKSON, forty-fourth Governor of Maryland, 1888-1892.

Painted by Ferskir.

In the corner, on the rear wall, is a portrait of:
29. ARTHUR PUE GORMAN, JR., President of the State Senate, 1910-1912.

Painted by Thomas C. Corner.

Hung beside it is a portrait of:
30. WILLIAM LINGAN GAITHER, President of the State Senate, 1849-1853, 1854-1856.

Painter - unknown.
It is possible that this painting is a copy after an original by Thomas Sully.

Hanging over the landing of the stairway is a large historical painting which depicts:
31. "WASHINGTON RESIGNING HIS COMMISSION AS COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE AMERICAN ARMY."

Painted by Edwin White, in 1859.
The incident depicted took place in the old Senate Chamber of the Maryland State House at Annapolis on December 23, 1783, while the Continental Congress was in session there. The painting may best be seen from the second floor level.

Entrance Hall to the Governor's Reception Room
In this short corridor leading from the main corridor of the second floor to the Governor's reception room, five paintings are hung. The first on the right is a portrait of:
32. CECIL CALVERT, Second Lord Baltimore

Painted by Florence MacKubin, after the original by Gerard van Soest.
Cecil Calvert (1606-1675) was Lord Baltimore at the time the colony of Maryland was founded, 1634. This painting is but a partial replica of the original Soest portrait. The latter is a larger canvas and has, in addition to the chief figure of Cecil, that of his infant son, Charles, as well as a Negro page. These two figures have been omitted in this version. The figure of Cecil, however, has been quite faithfully copied. Dr. Hugh Young of Baltimore owns a replica of the entire canvas, which is also the work of Florence MacKubin.

The second portrait on the right is of:
33. ODEN BOWIE, thirty-seventh Governor of Maryland, 1869-1872.

Painted by Katharine Walton, 1913, after an original by Bendann.

The first portrait on the left is of:
34. ELIHU EMORY JACKSON, forty-fourth Governor of Maryland, 1888-1892.

Painted by Ida Foster.

In the central position upon this wall hangs a full-length portrait of:
35. THOMAS HOLLIDAY HICKS, thirty-fourth Governor of Maryland, 1858-1862, United States Senator, 1862-1865.

Painted by J.K. Harley, 1967

The third portrait on the left is of:
36. AUGUSTUS WILLIAMSON BRADFORD, thirty-fifth Governor of Maryland, 1862-1866.

Painted by Oscar Hallwig, 1920.

There are twenty portraits hung on the walls of this room. Outstanding among this number are six small portraits by Charles Willson Peale. The painting on the south wall nearest the entrance is a portrait of:
37. GEORGE PLATER, sixth Governor of Maryland, 1791-1792, whose untimely death cut short his career.

Painted by Charles Willson Peale, 1825.

Next to this hangs a portrait of:
38. GOVERNOR ALBERT C. RITCHIE, fifty-second Governor of Maryland, 1920-1935, Attorney-General, 1916-1920.

Painted by Chandor, in 1929.

The third portrait on this wall is of:
39. WILLIAM SMALLWOOD, fourth Governor of Maryland, 1785-1788.

Painted by C.W. Peale after an original by Rembrandt Peale, the son of Charles Willson Peale.
William Smallwood was born in 1732 and died in 1792. He was elected a Colonel in the Maryland Militia in 1776 and later, after the battle of White Plains, was raised to the rank of Brigadier-General. In 1780 he was given the rank of Major-General. In 1785 he was elected a member of Congress, and in the same year was elected Governor of Maryland.

Occupying the center position hangs a large portrait of:
40. FREDERICK, sixth and last Lord Baltimore, 1731-1771.

Painter - unknown.
This portrait was originally the property of the City of Annapolis. It was turned over to the State for safekeeping during the Civil War. That it did not escape entirely unscathed may be seen from the bayonet scars, asserted to have been inflicted on it by Pennsylvania troops. While the painter is unknown, this portrait is most certainly connected with a portrait of Frederick, recently acquired by Dr. Hugh Young of Baltimore from Sir Timothy Calvert Eden, Sixth Baronet of Maryland, and a direct descendant of the sister of Frederick. The Young portrait of Frederick is asserted to have been painted by Johann Ludwig Tietz. The general designs of the two paintings are similar. The views of the head are identical, as are the positions of the feet. The costumes differ greatly and the color is entirely different, the Young portrait being dressed in a pink coat, while the Annapolis Frederick wears a blue coat, with a blue, ermine-lined cloak over it. The placing of the hands is also different. However, despite these divergencies, the similarity between the two portraits is very striking.

Hanging next to the FREDERICK is a portrait of:
41. THOMAS JOHNSON, first governor of Maryland, 1777-1779.

Painted by Charles Willson Peale.
Thomas Johnson was born in 1732 and died in 1819. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1763. In 1776 he was elected Senior Brigadier-General of the Maryland Militia. He was a member of Congress, 1775, 1776, 1781-1787. He was Governor of Maryland from 1777-1779 and was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1791.

The next portrait is of:
42. JOHN HOSKINS STONE, eighth Governor of Maryland, 1794-1797.

Painted by Charles Willson Peale
John Stone was born in 1745 and died in 1804. On January 2, 1776, the convention of Maryland elected him Captain of Colonel Smallwood's battalion, and in December of that year he was promoted to the rank of Colonel. In 1781 he was clerk in the office of Robert Livingston, Secretary of State, and later he became one of the Executive Council of Maryland.

The portrait which hangs above that of Governor Stone is of:
43. JOHN EAGER HOWARD, fifth Governor of Maryland, 1788-1791; U.S. Senator, 1796-1803.

Painted by Charles Willson Peale.
John Eager Howard, American soldier and statesman, was born in 1752 and died in 1827. He had a distinguished record in the Revolutionary War and was made a Lieutenant-Colonel in 1780. He was a member of Congress, 1782-1788.

The last portrait hung on the south wall is of:
44. WILLIAM PACA, third Governor of Maryland, 1782-1786.

Painted by Charles Willson Peale.
William Paca, signer of the Declaration of Independence, was born in 1740 and died in 1799. He was admitted to the practice of law, 1764. He was a member of the Provincial Legislature, a delegate to the Continental Congress, and a State Senator for two years. He became Chief Justice of the Superior Court of Maryland and was appointed a Judge of the District Court of the United States in 1789.

Turning now to the east wall, the first portrait is of:
45. EMERSON C. HARRINGTON, fifty-first Governor of Maryland, 1916-1920.

Painted by Katharine Walton.

Between the second and third windows hang two portraits. The lower one is of:
46. SIR ROBERT EDEN (1741-1748), last provincial Governor of Maryland, 1769-1776.

Painted by Florence MacKubin.
Presented to the State of Maryland by the Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Maryland, November 21, 1914.

Directly above this hangs a portrait of:
47. LEONARD CALVERT, Fourth Lord Baltimore, 1677-1715.

Painted by Florence MacKubin.
Presented to the State by the Society of the Ark and the Dove, 1914.

(Ed. note: the Fourth Lord Baltimore was Benedict Leonard Calvert. The portrait referred to in this catalogue is probably that of Leonard Calvert, (1606-1647) , brother of Cecil Calvert and first governor of Maryland. A portrait of Benedict Leonard Calvert, Fourth Lord Baltimore is owned by the Enoch Pratt Free Library.)

The lower portrait of the adjoining two is of:
48. JOSEPH KENT, M.D., twenty-first Governor of Maryland, 1826-1829; U.S. Senator, 1833-1837.

Painted by Charles B. King
Joseph Kent was born in 1779 and died in 1837. He was educated as a physician. He was a member of Congress, Governor of Maryland, and also U.S. Senator.
Presented to the State by his grand-daughter, Elizabeth Kent.

Above this hangs a portrait of:
49. ROBERT MILLIGAN McLANE, forty-second Governor of Maryland 1884-1885.

Painted by G.P.A. Healy.
Robert McLane was born in 1815 and died in 1898. He was educated in various private schools, in America and abroad, and graduated from the U.S. Military Academy. He held many public offices, serving as U.S. Commissioner to China, and as Minister to Mexico. He resigned as Governor of Maryland to accept an appointment as Minister to France during Cleveland's term as President.

The first portrait on the north wall is of:
50. THOMAS WATKINS LIGON, thirty-third Governor of Maryland, 1854-1858.

Painted by Paul Hallwig, 1906.

Two portraits hang between the first and second windows. The lower painting is of:
51. PHILLIPS LEE GOLDSBOROUGH, fiftieth Governor of Maryland, 1912-1916, U.S. Senator, 1929-1935.

Painted by Thomas C. Corner.

The upper painting is of:
52. AUSTIN LANE CROTHERS, forty-ninth Governor of Maryland, 1908-1912.

Painted by Adele E. Jarvell.

The remaining painting hung on the north wall is a portrait of:
53. QUEEN ANNE, in whose honor Annapolis is named.

Painted by Michael Dahl.
This portrait was purchased from Charles Newman, a London dealer, in 1926. Newman states that the portrait is said to be the work of Michael Dahl, a Swedish contemporary of Kneller's, and a sharer of court patronage with Kneller. This painting tallies closely with the description of a Kneller portrait of Queen Anne which was put on sale at Sotheby and Co., in London during June, 1933. It is possibly a copy after the Kneller.

On the west wall of the reception room hang three large portraits, one over the mantel and one on either side. The one to the right is a full-length portrait of:
54. HENRIETTA MARIA, Princess of France and Queen of Charles I of England. Maryland is named in her honor.

Painted by Daniel Mytens, 1632.
This painting was purchased by the State from Newman of London, who authenticated it as by Daniel Mytens, a Dutch contemporary of Van Dyck, and the latter's predecessor as Court Painter to Charles the First.

Over the mantel is a portrait of:
55. GEORGE CALVERT, First Lord Baltimore.

This copy was painted by an artist named Vintner after the original by Daniel Mytens.
This painting was presented to the State by John W. Garrett in 1882. It was Mr. Garrett who commissioned Vintner to do the copy. The original is a larger canvas and the figure of Calvert is given in its entirety. Vintner gives but a three-quarter-length view and has changed certain details such as the position of the hands, as well as having them ungloved. The head, however, has been closely copied. The original Mytens is now in the possession of Dr. Hugh H. Young of Baltimore.

To the left of the fireplace hangs the companion picture to the Henrietta Maria, a full-length portrait of:
56. CHARLES I, KING OF ENGLAND, who granted the charter for the colony of Maryland to Lord Baltimore in 1632.

This canvas is said to be a copy by Henry Stone after the original now in Windsor Castle, done by Van Dyck. This painting was purchased by the State from a Charles Newman of London. It is quite generally asserted to be the work of Henry Stone, -- "Old Stone," who was contemporary with, and studio assistant to, Van Dyck. It came to Maryland well recommended by several London critics.

Governor's Private Office
There are no paintings hung in the office which opens off the Governor's reception room. The remaining thirteen portraits are hung in the private office of the Governor. The first of these is hung directly opposite the entrance of the west wall, and to the right of the fireplace. It is of:
57. LLOYD LOWNDES, JR., forty-sixth Governor of Maryland, 1896-1900.

Painted by Florence MacKubin.
It was presented to the State by Gov. Lowndes' wife, Elizabeth Lowndes.

To the left of the fireplace hangs a portrait of:
58. ENOCH LOUIS LOWE, thirty-second Governor of Maryland, 1851-1854.

Painted by O. Eckhardt, 1855.

On the south wall, to the right of the doorway, are hung two portraits, the lower of which is of:
59. EDWARD LLOYD, fourteenth Governor of Maryland, 1809-1811, U.S. Senator, 1819-1826.

Copied by Florence MacKubin after an original by J. B. Bordley.
This painting was presented to the State by the great-grandson of Gov. Lloyd, Josias Pennington.

Above this hangs a portrait of:
60. JAMES THOMAS, twenty-sixth Governor of Maryland, 1833-1836.

Painter - unknown.

To the left of the doorway is a portrait of:
61. THOMAS GEORGE PRATT, thirtieth Governor of Maryland, 1845-1848, U.S. Senator, 1850-1857.

Painted by George Dieterich, 1904. (Louis Dieterich 1841-1922)

The first painting on the east wall is a portrait of:
62. PHILIP FRANCIS THOMAS, thirty-first Governor of Maryland, 1848-1851, Secretary of U.S. Treasury, 1860-1861.

Painted by N. Cox.
Presented to the State by the Public Schools of Talbot County.

There are two portraits hung next to that of Thomas. The lower is of:
63. CHARLES CARNAN RIDGELY OF H., seventeenth Governor of Maryland, 1816-1819.

Painted by Florence MacKubin, after an original by Thomas Sully.
Presented to the State by Gov. Ridgely's great-grandson, John Ridgely of H.

The upper portrait is of:
64. LEVIN WINDER, sixteenth Governor of Maryland, 1812-1816.

It is a copy of Florence MacKubin.
Presented to the State by Governor Winder's great grandson, Josias Pennington.

The adjoining portrait (lower) is of:
65. ROBERT WRIGHT, thirteenth Governor of Maryland, 1806-1809, U.S. Senator, 1801-1806.

Painted by J.D. Wightman, 1886.

Above it hangs a painting of:
66. THOMAS SWANN, thirty-sixth Governor of Maryland, 1866-1869, Mayor of Baltimore, 1856-1860.

Painted by Florence MacKubin, after an original by Healey.

The lower portrait of the two adjoining is of:
67. ROBERT BOWIE, twelfth and fifteenth Governor of Maryland, 1803-1806, 1811-1812.

Painted by Katharine Walton, after an original by St. Memin.

The upper portrait is of:
68. WILLIAM THOMAS HAMILTON, forty-first Governor of Maryland, 1880-1884, U.S. Senator, 1869-1875.

Painted by George Dieterich, 1908. (Louis Dieterich 1841-1922)

Over the doorway leading to the adjoining office hangs a portrait of:
69. FRANK BROWN, forty-fifth Governor of Maryland, 1892-1896.

Painted by George Dieterich, 1900. (Louis Dieterich 1841-1922)

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