129.	Nye, supra note 53 at 58-76.

130.	Maryland Laws 1835 ch. 325.

131.	Maryland Laws 1841 Ch. 272.

132.	James M. Wright, The Free Negro in Maryland. 1634-1860 286-91 (1921).

133.     Brackett, supra note 1 at 249. James Van Ness suggested that the rise in free blacks in
Maryland must be accounted for by immigration from other states, although the census
showed only 2% of the free black population came from other states. He argued that free
blacks would claim to come from Maryland so that the exclusion law would not be
applicable. He noted that the climate and geography of Maryland was similar to the
south, that restrictive laws were not as bad as those of states further south, and that the
decline in slavery in Baltimore job market came from a perception that hired labor was
cheaper than slave labor if productivity were considered. Van Ness, supra note 2.

134.     Bland and Woolfolk vs. Negro Beverly Dowling, 9 Gill & John. 14 (1837).

135.     Brackett, supra note 1 at 170 citing 8 Gill 314, 3 Md. 119 and 14 Md. 109 and 115. The
latter cases, from 1856 and later, interpreted wills made after 1831 that freed slaves "to go
to Africa" as creating freedom regardless of whether the freed slave went to Africa.

136.     Id. at 241.

137.     Id at 247-8.

138.     Brackett summarized the committee report as follows:

It is highly inexpedient to try to remove all the free blacks. They
are indeed an evil in a slave-holding community, but the majority
of them are not idle, unproductive and vicious. Their removal
would be a greater evil than all the harm ever suffered. In
Baltimore they number twenty-five thousand, mostly servants and
laborers. Much of our soil could not be tilled without them. Then
such an act offeree would violate public sentiment, which is
generally just and kindly - it would not be tolerated by the people
of the State. Nor should rights of freedom already vested be taken
away. On the other hand, the policy outlined in the act of 1831
was wise and proper, but that law - becoming inoperative, and few
blacks being willing to leave - had been almost forgotten except by
members of the Bar. But certain evils arising from the increase of
frree blacks have been almost universally admitted, and are more
evident than in 1831. Slaves run away mainly through their
influence, or are encouraged by them to insubordination, and tahe
thriftless of them set evil examples to slave and free alike. They

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