92.      Alan Kulikoff, "The Beginnings of the Afro-American Family in Maryland," in Land,
Carr, and PapenfUse, supra note 4 at 171, 191.

93.	41 Maryland Archives 499.

94.	I Maryland Archives 352-53.

95.	I Maryland Archives 342.

96.       See Kimmel, supra note 1, at 29, where he quotes a contemporary who said that women
were not made to work the ground unless "nasty, beastly and not fit for domestic chores."

97.       Warren M. Billings, "The Cases of Fernando and Elizabeth Key: A Note on the Status of
Blacks in Seventeenth-Century Virginia," 30 WMO. 3d Ser., 46 (1973).

98.       William W. Hening, ed., The Statutes at Large: Being a Collection of All the Laws of
Virginia (1809-23) H, 170.

99.      I Maryland Archives 409.453.

100.     I Maryland Archives 489.

10.1.     Butts v. Penny, 3 Keble 785 (1677). tanquam bona means "goods so long as," i.e.
temporarily chattel.

102.     I Maryland Archives 526.

103.     Russell R. Menard, "Immigration to the Chesapeake Colonies in the Seventeenth Century,
A Review Essay," LXVIH Md. Hist. Mag. 323-29 (1973); Walsh and Menard, supra note
4; Menard, supra note 52, at 95.

104.	I Maryland Archives 533.

105.	I Maryland Archives 527.

106.	14

107.	Id. 533-34.

108.	For example, see the 1650 law. I Maryland Archives 286.

109.     1658 Session, I Maryland Archives 373; 1662 Session, I Maryland Archives 441-2. In
Butler v. Craig, 2 Har. and McH. 214, the Court in 1791 found that descendants of a
white woman were free unless she had a conviction in a court of record of marriage with
a slave prior to 1681. Whether the ruling of a century later dealt accurately with the
practices of the seventeenth is an open question.

188