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23. 
Donald, 86; Charles Strozier, Lincoln’s Quest for Union: Public and Private Meanings (New York:Basic Books, 1982), 43.
 
24. 
Kenneth Winkle, “Abraham Lincoln: Self-Made Man” forthcoming in the Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association. 
 
25. 
Rothman, 60-63.
26. 
Rotundo, 115-136; Robert Griswold, Family and Divorce in Ca4fornia, 1850-1890: Victorian Illusions and Every Day Realities (Albany: State University of New York, 1982); Daniel Wise, The Young Man’s Counselor (New York: Carlton and Porter, 1850), especially the chapters on energy and industry. Ronald Byars, “The Making of the Self-Made Man: The Development of Masculine Roles and Images in Ante-Bellum America,” (Ph.D. Dissertation, Michigan State University, 1979). 
 
27. 
Roy Basler, Collected Works ofAbraham Lincoln (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1953) 1:305.
28. 
Herndon’s Informants, 444, 665.
29. 
Jean H. Baker, The Stevensons: Biography of an American Family (New York: W.W Norton, 1993), 87-95, 103.
30. 
Helm, 93-94. Ruth Randall, Mary Lincoln: Biography ofa Marriage (Boston: Little, Brown, 1953), 74.
31. 
Turner, 534.
32. 
Basler, 6: 283, 371-2, 421,434; 8: 174; Randall, 382.
33. 
Basler, 1: 465, 477, 496. Evidently some of the Lincoins’ private letters to each other were burned in a fire in Chicago after his assassination.
 
34. 
Turner, 34-36.
35. 
Elizabeth Keckley, Behind the Scenes (New York: Oxford, 1988), 101-2; Turner, 113- 114.
36. 
Linda Gordon, Woman’s Body, Woman’s Right: A Social History c/Birth Control (New York: Viking, 1976), 49-62; Janet Brodie, Contraception and Abortion in 19th Century America (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994).
 
37. 
Brodie, 226; Ansley Coale and Melvin Zelnick, New Estimates of Fertility and Population in the United States (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963); Robert Wells, “Demographic Change and the Life Cycle of American Families,” The Family in History Theodore Rabb and Robert Rotberg, eds. (New York: Harpers, 1971), 85-94.
38. 
Baker, 119-125. Herndon’s Informants, 444.
39. 
Basler, 4:82; 1:391; Rufus Rockwell Wilson, ed., Intimate Memories of Lincoln (Elmira, N.Y.: Primavera Press, 1945).
 
40. 
Turner, 50.
41. 
Glenna Matthews, The Rise of Public Woman: Woman’s Power and Woman’s Place in the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992); Elizabeth Varon: We Mean to Be Counted: White Women and Politics in Antebellum Virginia (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998).
 
42. 
James Conkling to Merce, September 21, 1840, Conkling Papers; Basler, 1:299.
43. 
Henry Whitney, L~fr on the Circuit (Boston: Estes Lauriat, 1892), 93.
44. 
Adam Badeau, Grant In Peace: A Personal Memoir from Appomattox to Mt. McGregor (Hartford,1887), 356-62.
 
45. 
Herndon’s Informants, 256.
46. 
Turner, 200.
47. 
William H. Ward, ed., Abraham Lincoln.’ Reminiscences of Soldiers, Statesmen and Citizens (New York: Thomas Crowell, 1895), 32.
 

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