490

(51) Bettye C. Thomas, "A Nineteenth Century Black Operated Shipyard, 1866-
1884: Reflections upon Its Inception and Ownership * Journal of Negro History 59
(January 1974), 2.

(52) Olson, Baltimore, 175,183-185,200-202,234-235.

(53) Spero and Harris, Black Worker, 183,192; Reid, Negro Membership, 23. For an
extended profile of Isaac Myers, see Leroy Graham, Baltimore: The Nineteenth
Century Black Capital, chapter 5.

(54) Quoted Olson, Baltimore, 274.

(55) Reid, Survey, 59.

(56) Johnson, "Negroes at Work," 19.

(57) Johnson, "Negroes at Work," 19; Reid, Negro Membership, 94,106,121-3,126-
7,140-1, 166; Reid, Survey, 46,59-64.

(58) Quoted in Reid, Survey, 62; Spero and Harris, Black Worker, 73.

(59) Reid, Survey, 59-65.

(60) Reid, Survey, 59-65; Reid, Negro Membership, 139-141.

(61) Reid, Survey, 45-47.

(62) Spero and Harris, Black Worker, 340.

(63) Reutter, Sparrows Point, 149-154; Reid, Negro Membership, 166.

(64) Reid, Survey, 61.

(65) Johnson, "Negroes at Work," 16; Reid, Survey, 59-61; "Longshore Labor
Conditions in the United States - Pan I," Monthly Labor Review, 31 (October
1930), 18-20.

(66) Johnson, "Negroes at Work," 16; Reid, Survey, 59-61.

(67) Quoted in Reid, Negro Membership, 50.

(68) Spero and Harris, Black Worker, 193 (their figure of 1,400 Black longshoremen
in the Baltimore IWW seems improbable); Reid, Survey, 59-61; Reid, Negro
Membership, 49-50; Johnson, "Negroes at Work," 16.

(69) "Longshore Labor," Monthly Labor Review 18-20; Spero and Harris state that
50-50 agreements were common (Black Worker, chapter 9), but Reid (Survey, 60)
finds their inclusion in the Baltimore ILA contracts exceptional.