488

undercounted in the 1930 census.

(26) U.S. Bureau of the Census, Fifteenth Census of the United States; Population
(1930), volume 4,674-676.

(27) Ira De A. Reid, Ttie Negro Community of Baltimore: A Social Survey
(Baltimore: October 1,1934), 40-41.

(28)Reid,5u/vey,45.

(29) See the discussion of Black longshoremen below.

(30) Charles S. Johnson, "Negroes at Work in Baltimore, Md." Opportunity: A
Journal of Negro Life, 1 ( June'23 ), 12.

(31) There was also a small concentration of Black women in the laboring category
of manufactures, but their numbers were so small within this overwhelming male
category that they are of little statistical significance.

(32) U.S. Bureau of the Census, Fifteenth Census of the United States; Population
(1930), vol. 4,674-676. A major employer of Black female laundry workers was
Druid Laundry, one of the largest Black-owned companies in town; Reid, Survey,
198.

(33) Alexander Alien, Baltimore Urban League, to Lawrence Fenneman, War
Manpower Commission, May 5,1944 in Tension File, Records of the Committee on
Fair Employment Practices in the National Archives [hereafter FEPC Records];
also see the case files, "Maryland Drydock, Baltimore, Maryland, 4-BC-62," and
Bethlehem Fairficld Shipbuilding Company, Baltimore, Maryland, 4-BR-287,"
FEPC Records.

(34) U.S. Bureau of the Census, Fifteenth Census of the United States --
Unemployment (1930), volume 1,29.

(35) Reid, Survey, 53, 65-9.

(36) Quoted in Johnson, "Negroes at Work," 12.

(37) This data is contained in the 1930 manuscript census, which is not yet open to
researchers.

(38) Olson, Baltimore, 285-286.

(39) Reid, Survey, 43,59; Roderick N. Ryon, "Baltimore Workers and Industrial
Decision-Making, 1890-1917," Journal of Southern History, 51 (November 1985),
568; Monthly Labor Review, 36 (January 1933), 72. Two historians have estimated
that organized labor comprised about 10% of the Baltimore working class at the
beginning of the depression; after nearly four years of depression, Reid estimated