477

discernible rules and parameters [see Jean Piaget, Structuralism (New York: 1970),
11]. Structure is at once both the context for and an aspect of historical process;
any attempt to study process apart from structure necessarily leads to partial,
arbitrary explanations.

Chapter 2

(1) Charles S. Johnson, "Negroes at Work in Baltimore, Maryland," Opportunity: A
Journal of Negro Life, 1 (June 1923), 12.

(2) Manuel Castells, The Urban Question (Cambridge, Massachusetts: 1980), 23.

(3) Johnson, "Negroes at Work," 15; Sherry H. Olson, Baltimore: The Building of an
American City (Baltimore: 1980), 15,24,42; also see Karl Marx on the development
of industry out of manufacturing and the various transitional labor forms in the
development of industrial capitalism, Capital (New York: 1967), volume 1, chapters
14 and 15.

(4) Olson, Baltimore, 10,15,41,77-8,83-5,102-11,120; Barbara Jeanne Fields,
Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground: Maryland during the Nineteenth Century
(New Haven: 1985), chapter 3.

(5) Industrial Survey of Baltimore, Second Industrial Survey of Baltimore, 1914-1939,
7-13; Olson, Baltimore, 144-5,149-54,174-9,238-44.

(6) Olson, Baltimore, 144-5,149-54,291-6,305-6; Second Industrial Survey, 11-23.

(7) Fields, Middle Ground, 7-8,41-2; Olson, Baltimore, 14.

(8) Fields, Middle Ground, 17-9,43,44,200-1; Olson, Baltimore, 45-8,71-4,83-5.

(9) Olson, Baltimore, 10.45-7,71-8, 108-11; Second Industrial Survey, 7-13.

(10) Dorothy Brown, "Maryland Between the Wars," in Maryland: A     History,
1632-1974, edited by Richard Walsh and William Lloyd     Fox (Baltimore: 1974),
698; Second Industrial Survey, 38 and "Statistical Supplement, 47; Olson, Baltimore,
292.

(11) Second Industrial Survey, 12-3; Mark Reutter, Sparrows Point: Making
Steel-The Rise and Ruin of American Industrial Might (New York: 1988), 72-7;
Olson, Baltimore, 263.

(12) Second Industrial Survey, 11-3,20-2; Reutter, Sparrows Point, 111-36; Olson,
Baltimore, 42,83-5,102-8,292-5.

(13) Second Industrial Survey, 24.