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The Task Force notes that in works like Chains  and Images  of Psychological   S1avery(1QR4)  by N.  Akbar,  Black  Rage(1Q6K)  by  V. Grier and  P.   Cohhs^   African/Black  Psychology  in  the  American Context:   An   African-Centered   Approach(l998)   by   K.   Kambon,   and The  African  American Psychic Trauma(19Q4) by S.  A.  and N.  Latif, as well as in a 1997 lecture which P. Newton delivered in Ghana entitled "Post  Traumatic   Slavery  Disorders,"  psychologists  have  repeatedly pointed out that slavery and its legacy have had a devasting impact on black people.    More specifically they have pointed out that in addition to  being  second  class  citizens  educationally,  politically  and economically,  black people  have  suffered  deep  psychological  scars associated   with   their   oppression.
Contemporary  black  psychologists   generally  agree  that  the  brutal enslavement  experience  has  had  a  deeply  penetrating  psycho-pathological   effect  upon   African  Americans  through  the  generations, continuing from the era of slavery to the present time.    They maintain,   moreover,  that  immobilizing  feelings   of inferiority,   low self-esteem,   self-hatred,   hopelessness,   powerlessness,   fear   and  rage are some of the symptoms of the psychical injury that black people have  suffered  throughout   their  sojourn  in  America.