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238 MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE
Admen, and Crusaders: Types of Presidential Election Campaigns," History
Teacher 2
(1969); 33-50.
14. Maryland Laws, 1874, chap. 250, 1884, chap. 190, 1886, chap. 189. Such
re-
strictions had been decreed for Baltimore in 1860. Maryland Code, 1860,
Art. IV.
15. Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia, 1879 (New York: D. Appleton, 1880), 596,
1881
(New York: D. Appleton, 1882), 534; Baltimore American, 23 October 1886.
16. The best study of the mugwumps remains John Sproat, "The Bert Men":
Liberal
Reformers in the Gilded Age (New York: Oxford University Press, 1968). For
Baltimore, see
Civil Service Reformer, passim, and Eric F. Goldman, Charles J. Bonaparte,
Patrician Reformer
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1943).
17. Charles J. Bonaparte to James H. Raymond, 14 May 1895, Bonaparte Papers,
Library of Congress; Civil Service Reformer 2 (1886): 6, 21-22 and 4
(1888): 39; Baltimore
American, 30 October 1886; James B. Crooks, Politics and Progress: The Rise
of Urban
Progressivism in Baltimore (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press,
1968), 14.
18. Civil Service Reformer 3 (1887): 11-12, 23-31; John R. Lambert, Arthur
Pue
Gorman (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1953), 135; R. E.
Wright,
"Some Problems in City Government," An Addms to the Landlords Mutual
Protective Associ-
ation, 26 November 1889; Margaret Law Callcott, The Negro in Maryland
Politics,
1870-1912 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1969), 42.
19. Civil Service Reformer 5 (1889): 140; C. K. Yearley, The Money
Machines: The Break-
doum and Reform of Governmental and Party Finance in the North, 1860-1920
(Albany: State
University of New York Press, 1970), 174-5.
20. Baltimore Critic, 16 June 1888; Civil Service Reformer 4 (1888): 7;
Baltimore Amer-
ican, 2, 3, 5 November 1886.
21. Baltimore Sun, 27 October 1877, 11 September 1879; Baltimore American,
28, 29,
31 October 1886.
22. Baltimore American, 25 October, 1 November 1886; Baltimore Critic, 9
June
1888.
23. Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia, 1887 (New York: D. Appleton, 1888), 457.
24. Ibid.; Civil Service Reformer 4 (1888): 34.
25. Civil Service Reformer 4 (1888): 30, 18; Laws of Maryland, 1888, chap.
155, 104,
112. .
26. Civil Service Reformer 4 (1888): 39, 42-3, 76; 5 (1889): 7.
27. Ibid., 4 (1888): 7; Hagerstown Mail, 3 January 1890.
28. Baltimore Critic, 14, 21 July 1888; Baltimore Sun, 18 March 1892.
29. Civil Service Reformer 4 (1888): 21 and 5 (1889): 19, 138-9; Appleton's
Annual
Cyclopedia, 1889 (New York: D. Appleton, 1890), 533. The Knights were
insistent that
the voting rights of illiterates be protected and proposed the use of party
vignettes on the
ballot for that purpose. The Reform League's proposal caused its members to
be castigated
as "pseudo reformers." The Reform League, declared the Port Tobacco Timer,
an organ of
the regular Democracy, "is always careful that none of its alleged reforms
shall in any way
impinge upon the ignorant colored vote." "This great league has always
directed its en-
ergies at the white Democrats," the Timer continued. "It would not have
mattered that a
few illiterate white Democrats should have been disfranchised by the
system." Port Tobacco
Timer, 27 December 1889.
30. Civil Service Reformer 5 (1889): 107-9, 145; Hagerstown Mail, 13
December
1889.
31. Hagerstown Mail, 31 January 1890; Appleton's Cyclopedia, 1889, 533;
Civil Service
Reformer 5 (1889): 138-9.
32. Callcott, The Negro in Maryland Politics, 50; Civil Service Reformer 5
(1889): 137-8.
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